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De ce amprentele gemene nu sunt identice?
Doi frați care au venit pe pământ într-o singură naștere sau un singur vest se numesc gemeni. Convingerea că gemenii au amprente identice este o iluzie. Atunci când gemenii identice împărtășesc multe proprietăți fizice, fiecare persoană are propria amprentă unică.
Gemenii sunt două soiuri:
* Dublu ou gemeni (gemeni frați) * single Egg gemeni (gemeni identice)
Gemeni dublu ou nu poate arata la fel. Unii gemeni pot avea diferențe diferite în ceea ce privește structurile genetice și secvențe de ADN, deoarece acestea sunt imposibil de distins de aspectul exterior. Citiți mai departe pentru mai multe informații dacă vă întrebați cât de similare gemeni identice sunt și de ce amprentele lor nu sunt la fel.
Gemenii dubli de ou (gemenii dizigoți)
Gemenii se dezvoltă din două ouă separate și două sperme diferite, adică două zigoturi separate. Există 2 placente separate și 2 ligamente ombilicale separate în timpul dezvoltării lor. Potrivit Minnesota Twin și Centrul de Cercetare Familie, 50% din ADN-urile gemeni sunt identice. Gemenii gemeni nu seamănă cu ceilalți, deoarece nu au mai mult ADN decât cei care nu sunt gemeni, frații s-au născut la momente diferite; Același lucru nu este posibil în gemenii identici.
Gemeni ou singuri (gemeni monozigotici)
Gemenii individuali se dezvoltă atunci când un singur ou este divizat în două după ce a fost fertilizat cu un singur spermatozoid. O singură placentă survine în timpul dezvoltării. Cu toate acestea, cordonul ombilical are 2. Deoarece constau dintr-un singur zigot, gemenii identici au aceeași structură genetică. Gemenii identici împărtășesc multe asemănări fizice ca rezultat al ADN-ului lor, incluzând culoarea părului, culoarea ochilor și tonul pielii. De fapt, se poate spune că una dintre gemenii identici este o oglindă a alteia. Factorii de mediu pot provoca mici diferențe în aspectul fizic al gemenilor identici, dar este posibil ca alte persoane să nu le poată distinge. Principalele diferențe se observă mai mult în greutate și înălțime. Amprentele nu sunt incluse în asemănările genetice ale gemenilor identici. Adică, amprentele de gemeni identici sunt apropiate, dar nu la fel. Acest lucru se datorează faptului că formarea amprentelor depinde atât de genetică, cât și de factorii de mediu din uter.
Pot fi amprentele gemene la fel?
În gemenii identici, există puține șanse de a avea aceleași amprente digitale. În timp ce articolele on-line de pe Internet discută frecvent unele dintre problemele pe care știința le explică, nu a existat niciun studiu care să arate că gemenii identici pot avea aceleași amprente digitale.
Potrivit datelor de la Washington State Twin Records, gemenii identici au amprente similare, inclusiv bucle, noduri și curele. Cu toate acestea, observarea unor astfel de similitudini cu ochiul liber nu înseamnă că compoziția amprentelor digitale este exact aceeași.
De fapt, Centrul Național pentru Tehnologia Criminalistică a declarat că nimeni, inclusiv gemenii identici, nu a avut aceeași amprentă ca oricine altcineva. Este, de asemenea, complet unic, deși are curbe, bucle și arce similare la marginile degetului fiecărei persoane. Pentru a urmări amprentele digitale pe o scenă a crimei cu o persoană, poliția ia câte 10 din fiecare dintre amprentele lor separat, este inutil să urmărești un deget.
Cum apar amprentele digitale?
Antecedentele unei persoane se formează în uter, pe baza unei combinații de gene și factori de mediu. Potrivit datelor de la Washington State Twin Records, tiparele amprentelor digitale sunt determinate între săptămâna a 13-a și a-a 19-a de dezvoltare fetală. Dactilografia este un exemplu de fenotip cu alte proprietăți fizice, adică este determinată de interacțiunea genelor unei persoane cu mediul de dezvoltare în uter.
Identificarea amprentelor digitale în parte de ADN explică de ce gemenii identici au avut inițial amprente similare. Factorii de mediu din uter contribuie la dezvoltarea amprentelor fetale, asigurându-se că amprentele identice nu sunt identice. Acești factori pot include:
* Accesul la alimentele din uter
* Lungimea cordonului ombilical
* Fluxul sanguin general
* Tensiunea arterială
Poziția în uter
* Rata generală de creștere a degetelor
Ca urmare, amprentele de gemeni identici pot avea similarități în ceea ce privește buclele, nodurile și lasso-ul. Cu toate acestea, atunci când sunt controlate mai mult, se observă mici detalii, inclusiv decalajele dintre amprente și ramuri. Evident, este imposibil ca gemenii identici să aibă aceleași amprente datorită factorilor de mediu care afectează dezvoltarea uterului.
Comentariul editorului: Potrivit cercetărilor, se crede că amprentele celor 120 de miliarde de oameni care au trăit până acum sunt diferite și dacă amprentele chiar de gemeni identici pot fi diferite unul de celălalt, această ordine ireproșabilă arată în mod clar existența unei minți, un creator suprem. Această cunoaștere este suficientă pentru a crede în existența lui Dumnezeu și a crede în existența lui Allah.
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việt
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