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Tko je Thomas Alva Edison? Izum žarulje

Thomas Alva Edison preselio na Port Hurona u Michiganu sa svojom obitelji kad je imao sedam godina. Ako je počeo svoje prvo učenje, suspendiran je za tri mjeseca, zbog sporo percepcije. On je trenirao privatni tutor za naredne tri godine. Imaju iznimno znatiželjne i kreativne osobnosti, Edison, kad je imao 10 godina, išao je fiziku ikemiju knjige.

 

U međuvremenu, on je osnovao laboratoriju u njihove kuće. On je bio posebno zainteresiran za istraživanje za dobivanje električne struje iz kemijske pokuse i Volta plovila; Nakon nekog vremena on je telegram sam i naučio Morse original. U one dane,uši počelo mi je manje, zbog teške bolesti.

 

Kada je imao 12 godina, je počeo prodavati novine u vlaku između Port Hurona i Detroita kako bi svoju obitelj, dok je Edison preselio labosu u teretni vagon vlaka, gdjeje nastavio njegov rad. Tijekom tog razdoblja, Edison proučavali Michael Faraday eksperimentalna istraživanja u struju i bio duboko impresioniran. S jedne strane, ponovio Faraday se pokusi i s jedne strane, on je počeo raditi više redovito i zapamtite dajući utezi za svoje eksperimente. 1868 ′ osnovao radionicu. Je patentirao električni glasovanja snimanja stroj koji je razvio iste godine. Uređaj je vrlo zainteresirana, ali nitko je kupio. Edison izgubio sav novac i nastanio u New Yorku, ostavljajući Boston udug.

 

Edison je vjerojatno uključen degradacije brzojav koristi za reguliranje Zlatna dionica. Edison, koji vješto popraviti uređaj na zahtjev burze zvaničnici, dobila preporuku da se kompetencije učiti na telegraf snimanje uređaja se razvija iz Western Union Telegraph Company. Zajedno s prijateljem, Edison osnovao univerzalni pisač inženjeringkompaniji. On je napravio znatnu količinu novca u kratkom vremenu sa patent prodao. S ovim novcem, počeo graditi tvornicu u Newark, New Jersey, i počeo proizvoditi telegrama i telegrafija uređaja. Nakon nekog vremena zatvoriti njegov mlin i postaviti istraživački laboratorij na Menlo parku u New Jerseyju i posvetio sve svoje vrijeme radi na izradi novih izuma.

 

1876, Graham Bell počeo raditi na na govoreći Telegraf (telefon). On je bio Osnaživanje telefon dodavanjem karbonskih odašiljača na uređaj. 1877, on je razvio svoj radna dinamici zvučne valove za snimanje i ponoviti zvuk Gramafit. Širok odjek nadahnjuje izum je izazvao njegov ugled proširio na međunarodnoj razini.

 

Edison, koji je bio utjecati na William Wallace 500 svijeća-Power PC Elektrolučna svjetiljka 1878, upustila se u razvoju nove električne žarulje koji je sigurniji i radi jeftinije.Uz pomoć kampanje otvoren za tu svrhu, on pruža financijsku potporu vodećih gospodarstvenika i osnovao Edison Elektru. To je bio dizajniran za izgradnju žarulja kojaemitira zraku u isušen okolini (vakuum) i radi sa slabog protoka, umjesto Električni luk koji izgara s kisikom. Hteo je da metalne žice koja je mogao koristiti kao flamanski za tu svrhu. Na kraju, na Listopad 21, 1879, predstavio ugljik-plamen električnu žarulju u javnosti, što je Power PC mimo poseban visokonaponskih električnih generatora. Tri godine kasnije, ulicama New Yorka išli svjetlo sa ove lampe.

 

1887, Edison preselio iz Menlo parka u West Orange u New Jerseyu, gdje je otvorioEdison Lab, deset puta veličina njegove prethodne nalaze. Izmjenična struja koja je više prikladan za dalekometne provodljivost prema 1890 razvijen. Vjerovati u superiornost pravi tok, Edison počeo kampanju, upozoravaju javnost visokog napona izmjenične struje sustavi su bili izuzetno opasni. 1892, Edison izgubio kontrolu nad General Electric Company. i spojene s tvrtkom General Electric. Edison je imao šestero djece koji se ženio. On je pokušao to izraditi novim izumima za cijeli život.


 

Izum žarulje

Tijekom slušanja putovanja, Edison je bio pozvan pregledati nove električne žaruljeod strane metal fabricator i proizvođač američki Dinamo stroj, Willam Wallace. Edison je bio vezan za grafit ploče u jednostavan uređaj koji se sastoji od dvije ruke sa drveni okvir. Izgledao je kao struja i plavo svjetlo luk koji ujedinjuje obje ploče. Plamenkoji zaslijepljen oči, grafitne ploče brzo rastopila.


 

Način na koji Edison radi sa 40-50 kolega je jedinstven u povijesti znanstvenih istraživanja. Rade bez prekida. Klima u mali staklo žarulje u radionici prazni električne struje kako bi se spriječilo paljenje tvari. Ali poanta je da ove tvari je o to dogoditi. Neketvari jedva stojim, neki od njih koštaju mnogo. Budući da je Edison htio napraviti jeftini svjetiljku tako da svatko može odvesti kući.

Proces karbonizacije, karton, kokosova ljuska, gljiva, čak i par crvene brade gost iz laboratorija su pokušali. Zbog konstantan rad, Edison je oči su bili gori, dajući nepodnošljive bolove. Ali ne govori nikome, on je samo to snimanje kritike. Jedan dan u nizu eksperimenata, njegov pomoćnik je rekao, "sada, smo trebali odustati, jer smo dosada uradili tisuća eksperimenata, a nemamo nikakve rezultate!" Edison je odmah prigovorio i rekao je: "to nije istina! Da, nije mogao postići naš cilj, ali nije istina da nema rezultata. Jer smo tisuću različitih metoda koje ne treba suditi za ono štotražimo, "rekao je. To je Edison je najvažnija riječ u povijesti.

 

U Kolovoz 1879, Edison je sjedio na čelu pisaći stol jedne noći razmišljati o od sisanja slab cigara. Kada se Edison bio ometen, jedan od njegove tipke popucali kada se sklapalo gumb na jakni. Komad pređe je visio nad njim. Skočio iz vedra neba, otišaou laboratorij i pokazao mu tehničara komad pređe. Rekao im je da se uže i staviti ihu male komadiće i gorenja ih i stavio ih u lampu. Njihovi pomoćnici ne očekivati rezultate, ali oni to odmah. Edison je ideja se cinila kao posljednji izbor za primjenu prije nego što se njegov rad.

 

Iako spaljena vlakna su slomljena svaki put, jedan od njih je uspio objesiti na lampubez da ih uništim. Svjetiljka 's klima je evakuirano odmah. Kada svjetiljka je struja, nitje ljuta i slatko žuto do. Edison i njegovim prijateljima gledao na svjetlo, pitajući se koliko će trebati razmišljati crno.

 

Žarulja nije blijede satima. U tijeku studija morao graditi elektranu na kraju 900 zgrada električnom energijom, instalirajte tisuće metara, sastaviti 14.000 žarulje sa saslušanja. 4. rujna 1882, kada Marka poznati izumitelj je s obzirom na trenutnu, stotine tisuća električne energije su spaljeni u stotine zgrada u cijelom susjedstvu, tisuće električne svjetiljke lit gore, i svijetle, slatke svjetla počeo širiti oko.

 

Najveći entuzijast doba Edison proglašen. Samo ne svatko flocking vidjeti, ne svjetiljke. Nema više nitko tko ne zna Edison. Edison je najvažnije mjesto je prva industrijska istraživanja laboratorija u Menlo Park, New Jersey. To je prva institucija osnovana za posebne namjene, kao što je kontinuirana tehnološka otkrića i poboljšanja. Edisonje službeno proizveo mnoge od njegovih izuma u laboratoriju, i mnogi zaposlenici su bili uključeni u istraživanje i razvoj-osmišljava u skladu sa svojim direktivama.

 

Električni inženjer William Joseph Hammer započela svoju misiju kao Edisona asistent prosinca 1879. Telefon je uvelike pridonio gramofon, električni vlak, razdjelnik rudnik željeza, električnom rasvjetom i mnoge druge vrste izum. To je rad čekićem u izuma električne žarulje i tijekom razvoja i testiranja ovog instrumenta. Čekić je glavniinženjer Edisona lampa rad 1880, a u prvoj godini tu ulogu, on proizvodi tvornica 50.000 žarulja sa Generalne direkcije za Franjo Robbins Upton. Edison, čekić je prethodnik električne žarulje.

 

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