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Ki je Thomas Alva Edison? Izum čebulice

Thomas Alva Edison preselil v Port Huron v Michigan s svojo družino, ko je bil star sedem let. Če je začel svojo prvo učenje tukaj, on je bila prekinjena za približno 3 mesece, zaradi počasne percepcije. On je bil usposabljajo korepetitor za naslednja tri leta. Ob zelo radovedne in ustvarjalne osebnosti, Edison, ko je bil 10 let, sam dal fizikein kemije knjig.

 

Medtem, ustanovil kemija lab v svojo hišo. Je bil še posebej zanima v raziskave, da dobimo električni tok iz kemijske poskuse in Volta plovila; Čez nekaj časa je naredil telegram na lastno in se naučili Morse scenarij. V teh dneh, ušesa začeli slišati manj, zaradi hude bolezni.

 

Ko je bil dvanajst, je začel prodajo časopisov na vlaku med Port Huron in Detroit, dabi svojo družino, medtem ko Edison preselil svoj dom laboratorij tovorni vagon vlaka, kjer je nadaljeval z delom. V tem obdobju, Edison študiral Michael Faraday eksperimentalne raziskave v elektriko in je zelo navdušena. Na eni strani, je ponovil indukcijski poskusov, in na eni strani, je začel bolj redno delajo in obdržati zapiskov s tem uteži, da njegovi poskusi. 1868 ′ ustanovil delavnico. Je patentiral električni glasovalnih snemanje stroj, ki je razvil tudi istega leta. Naprava je zelo zanimalo, vendar nihčekupil. Edison izgubili vse svoje denar, in poravnajo v New Yorku, zapušča Boston v dolg.

 

Edison je možnosti obrnil na degradacijo telegram, ki se uporablja za uravnavanje zlato zalog. Edison, ki spretno popraviti napravo na zahtevo uradnikov, borzo, prejel priporočilo narediti usposobljenosti, študija o Telegraph snemalne naprave, ki se razvijajo iz Western Union Telegraph Company. Skupaj s prijateljem, Edison ustanovil univerzalne Stock tiskalnik inženiring podjetje. Naredil precejšen znesek denarja v kratkem času s patenti, ki je prodal. S tem denarjem, je začel graditi tovarno v Newark, New Jersey, in začel proizvajati telegramov in telegrafijo naprave. Čez nekaj časa, je zaustavil njegov mlin in ustanovil raziskovalni laboratorij v Menlo Park v New Jersey inposvečen njegov čas trudili, da bi novih izumov.

 

Leta 1876, Graham Bell začel delati na je govor Telegraph (telefon). On je bil pooblastitvi telefon z dodajanjem ogljikovega oddajnik naprave. Leta 1877, razvil svoje delo na dinamiko zvočne valove za snemanje in ponovite zvok Gramafit. Široko odmev-navdihujoče izum je povzročil svoj ugled za širjenje na mednarodni ravni.

 

Edison, ki je prizadela William Wallace 500 svečo pogon arc svetilke leta 1878, je začela na razvoju novih električno svetilko, ki je varnejši in dela, ki so cenejši. S pomočjo kampanje odpreti za ta namen, je finančno podpira vodilni poslovneži in ustanovilEdison Electric Light Company. To je bil zasnovan za izgradnjo žarnica, ki oddaja zraka v okolju drenirana (vakuum) in deluje z nizkih pretokov, namesto električni oblok, ki gori s kisikom. Poskušal narediti kovinsko žico, ki bi lahko uporabil kot flamski za ta namen. Na koncu, na 21 oktober 1879, je uvedel ogljika-plamen električne žarniceza javnost, ki je poganjal posebne električni generator visoke napetosti. Tri leta kasneje, na ulicah New Yorka so šli na svetlobo gor s teh svetilk.

 

Leta 1887, Edison preselil iz Menlo Park West Orange v New Jersey, kjer je odprl Edison Lab, desetkrat velikost svojega prejšnje labs. Alternativni tok je bil razvit, da je bolj primeren za velike razdalje prevodnosti do 1890. Prepričanje premoč prav tok, Edison začel kampanjo, prizadevajo za opozarjanje javnosti, da visoke napetosti izmeničnega toka sistemi so zelo nevarne. Leta 1892 je Edison izgubil nadzor nad GeneralElectric Company. in spojene z General Electric company. Edison je šest otrok, ki dvakrat poročen. On je poskušal narediti novih izumov za preostanek svojega življenja.


 

Izum čebulice

Med poslušanje potovanje, Edison za pregled nove električne svetilke je komercialain proizvajalec stroja American Dinamo, povabili Willam Wallace. Edison je bila priložena grafit ploščo v soočanju s preprosto napravo, ki je sestavljen iz dveh orožja, ki se gibljejo z lesenim okvirjem. Je izgledala električnega toka in modro svetlobo loka, ki združuje Obe plošče. Plamen, ki očarala oči, grafit plošče hitro tali.


 

Tako, da je Edison deluje s kolegom 40-50 je edinstvena v zgodovini znanstvenih raziskav. So delali brez odmora. Zrak v majhne steklene čebulice v delavnici izprazni električni tok, da se prepreči gori snovi. Ampak bistvo je, da je bila ta snov bo zgodilo.Nekatere snovi lahko komaj stojijo, nekateri od njih stane veliko. Ker Edison želel, dabi poceni svetilko, tako da vsakdo lahko odnesejo domov.

Postopek karbonizacije, karton, kokosove lupine, gobe, tudi nekaj rdeče brade gost iz laboratorija so poskusili. Zaradi stalno delo, Edison je oči so na ogenj, daje neznosne bolečine. Ampak on ni povedal nikomur, on je samo snemanje v beležko. En danv vrsti poskusov, njegov pomočnik je dejal, "zdaj, bi morali, ker smo naredili tisoč poskusi doslej, in nismo dobili nobenih rezultatov!" Edison takoj nasprotoval in dejal: "to ni res! Ja, mi niso mogli doseči naš cilj, vendar to ni res, da imamo ni rezultatov. Ker smo se naučili tisoč različnih metod, ki je niste pred tem poskusili za kaj Iščemo, "je dejal. To je Edison je najpomembnejše besede v zgodovini.

 

November 1879, Edison je sedel na čelu pisalno mizo neke noči razmišljal o tem, kajstoriti z sesanju off rahel cigare. Ko Edison je bil raztresen, eden od svoje gumbe zlomil, ko mu je bil preobrat gumb na suknjič. Kos preje je visela nad njim. Skočil od nikoder, odšel je v laboratoriju in pokazala svojo tehniki kos preje. Je povedal, da se vrv in jih na majhne koščke in jih ne zogleni in jih dal v svetilko. Niki ni pričakovati rezultate, vendar so to storili takoj. Edison je ideja je zdelo, kot zadnja možnost, da uporablja, preden je opustil svoje delo.

 

Čeprav zoglenelih vlakna so bile razdeljene, vsakič, ko eden od njih je lahko visi na svetilko brez zaviranja. Svetilka je zrak je bil takoj evakuirali. Ko je svetilka je bila elektrika, nit je bil jezen in sladka rumena lučka prišlo. Edison in njegovi prijatelji pogledal na svetlobo, se spraševala, kako dolgo bi trajalo smatrati črno.

 

Žarnica ni zbledi ur. Potekajočih študij je za izgradnjo elektrarne na koncu 900 gradnjo električne energije, namestite tisoč metrov, skupaj 14.000 žarnice z njihovo zaslišanje. September 4, 1882, ko je bil znak slavni izumitelj glede na trenutne, stotine tisoče električne energije so spali v stotine poslopij v okviru celotne soseske, tisoče električne svetilke, ki prižgal, in luči svetlo, lepo začela širiti okoli.

 

Največji ljubitelj dobi Edison je bila razglašena. Ne vsakdo je bil samo zgrinjati videl,ne svetilke. Nikogar ni zapustil, kdo ne pozna Edison. Edison je najbolj pomembnomesto je prvi industrijski raziskovalni laboratorij v Menlo Park, New Jersey. To je bilaprva institucija, ustanovljena za posebne namene, kot so stalno tehnoloških odkritij in izboljšave. Edison je uradno proizvaja mnogih njegovih izumov v tem laboratoriju,in mnogi zaposleni so sodelovali v raziskavi in razvoju Izumi v skladu z njegovo direktiv.

 

Električni inženir Joseph William Hammer je začela svoje poslanstvo kot je Edison lab pomočnika v decembra 1879. Telefon je znatno prispeval k fonografa, električni vlak, ločilo rudnik železa, električno razsvetljavo in številne druge vrste izuma. To je delo kladivo v izum električne žarnice in v razvoj in testiranje tega instrumenta. Kladivoje bil glavni inženir je Edison svetilka delo leta 1880, in v prvem letu to vlogo, je produciral tovarne 50.000 žarnica z generalnega direktorata za Francis Robbins Upton.Glede Edison, kladivo je predhodnik električne žarnice.

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