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Care sunt motivele de încălzirea globală?

Încălzirea globală este în creştere la temperatura medie de pe suprafaţa Pământului.De la sfârşitul anilor 1800 temperatura medie globală a crescut de la 0,4 la 0,8 gradeC. Conform calculelor făcute de mulţi experţi, cresterea temperaturii medii de 2100va fi intre 1,4 si 5.8 grade. Aceasta rata de crestere poate fi mult mai mult decât ratele de creştere a trecut.

 

Oamenii de ştiinţă sunt îngrijoraţi că comunitatea umană şi ecosistemele naturale nu poate să se adapteze la o schimbare rapidă climatice. Un ecosistem este compusdin o zonă privată, organismele vii şi mediul fizic. Incalzirea globala poate provoca omulţime de daune, astfel încât toate ţările lumii au elaborat Protocolul de Tratatul de la Kyoto pentru a ajuta la limita.

 

Motivele de încălzirea globală

Global climatologi (oamenii de ştiinţă lucrează în ştiinţă climatice) au analizat încălzirii globale, care a avut loc de la sfârşitul anilor 1800. Majoritatea climatologi au decis că fiinţele umane sunt responsabile pentru o cantitate foarte mare de încălzire. Activităţile umane contribuie la încălzirea globală prin efectul de seră naturale de pe pământ. Efectul de seră încălzeşte suprafaţa Pământului cu un proces complex, care cuprinde lumina soarelui, gaze, particule din atmosferă. Gaze cu efect de seră sunt numele dat la gaze prinse în atmosfera Pământului. (Gazele de sera cele mai dăunătoare este dioxidul de carbon. Acordul de la Kyoto prezice eliberarea de dioxid de carbon, precum şi reducerea emisiilor de gaze metan şi protoxid de azot).

 

Principalele activitati umane contribuie la încălzirea globală sunt distrugerea combustibilii fosili (cărbune, petrol şi gaze naturale) şi defrişărilor. Cel mai mult consumul de combustibil: ea apare la automobile, fabrici, centrale electrice. Dioxidul de carbongaz (formula chimică CO2) se descoperă prin arderea combustibililor fosili. CO2 esteun gaz cu efect de seră, care încetineşte producţia de căldură în spaţiu. Copaci şi alte plante utilizează CO2 în aer pentru a produce substanţe nutritive folosind fotosinteza. Distrugerea pădurilor contribuie la proliferarea de CO2 prin reducerea cantităţiide gaze distruse de plante sau de descompunere de vegetaţie mort.

 

O cantitate mică de oamenii de ştiinţă spun că gazele cu efect de seră nu au făcut schimbările măsurabile în temperatura. Ei spun că formarea mea naturale ar putea cauza încălzirea globală. Aceste formaţiuni includ creşte energia emisă de soare. Dar Marea majoritate a climatologi cred că ascensiunea în energia solară are un efect foarte mic asupra încălzirii globale.

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