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Tko je Arhimed?

Arhimed je sicilijanski Datum grčki matematičar, fizičar, astronom, filozof i inženjer koji je živio između 287-212 prije Krista. Podizanje sila vode navodno na kupanje je najpoznatiji doprinos znanosti, ali otac sastavni izračun prema mnogim matematičkipovjesničarima je Arhimed.

 

Kada je rimski general Marcellus pod opsadom Sirakuza, bio je prisiljen preuzeti grad zbog oružja inženjer po imenu Arhimeda je napravio. Većina njih su mehaničkih mehanizama i su dizajnirani kako bi potaknuti znanstvenih pravila. Na primjer, uz pomoć valjaka, vrlo teško kamenje su iskopali u grmlju i bacili daleko sa katapultima. To je također rumored da Arhimed spalio rimske mornarice pomoću ogledala.Međutim, u 212 prije Krista, Rimljani zaplijenila je Sirakuza i ubio Arhimeda uz ostalenapredne dolazaka grad. Rekao je, u međuvremenu, Arhimed je razmišljati o rješavanju problema je nacrtao na zemlji, a rekao je rimski vojnik koji je tražio da ode i ostavi ga na miru; Ali vojnik ubio ga odmah, ignorirajući Arhimeda. Rimski general je biovrlo neraspoložen zbog ubojstva ovaj vrlo talentirani znanstvenik, gdje povijest je rijetka pasmina.

 

Arhimed je fizičar, matematičar i filozof. Nađen je u Aleksandriji malo u svojoj mladosti, gdje se sprijateljio s Eratosten, a onda su pisma s njim. Izumima mehaničke područje Arhimed uključuju spoj valjci, Beskonačni vijci, hidraulični vijci i gori ogledala. Ostavio je mnoga djela u geometriji polje matematike, što pridonosi statičke i hidrostatski područja fizike.

 

Najvažniji doprinos u geometriji je kako to ne dokazuje da je površina sfere jednaka4ΠR2 i volumen je 4/3 πr3. To je pokazalo da pi je vrijednost je 3 L/7 i 3 10/71, dokazuje da površina stana je jednaka opseg kruga i njegova visina jednaka je radijusu trokuta.

 

Arhimedova najsjajnije matematičkog postignuća je razvoj neke metode za pronalaženje područjima zakrivljenih površina. U paraboli smanjuje rezanje pravokutnika, dok beskonačno maleni približio račun. Beskonačno mala račun je u mogućnosti dodati komad najmanji dio koji može biti zamišljen u polju matematički. Ovaj račun je vrijednost vrlo velika datuma. Nakon toga on je temelj za razvoj moderne matematike iformira dobru osnovu za diferencijalnu dijagnozu i integralni račun pronašao Newton i Leibniz.

 

Arhimed je dokazao da je prostor paraboli cut metodom kvartila jednaka 4/3 polje trokut sa iste baze i visine, u svojoj knjizi, koja je quadruentation Parabolin.

 

Znanstvenik koji otkriva načela ravnoteže prvi put je Arhimed. Neki od tih načela uključuju:

 

Jednaki utezi su uravnoteženi u jednakim oružjem.

Nejednake težine ostaju u ravnoteži kada u sljedećem uvjetu u nejednak ruke: F1 · A= F2 · b

Temelji se na njegov rad, on je rekao, "Dajte mi uporište, ću premjestiti na zemlji."

 

Arhimed je također pronašla zakon na ravnotežu tekućine prepoznaje svoje ime. Onje rekao da jednog dana, kralj II Hieron bio osumnjičen za miješanje srebra u ledenim koji je napravio zlatar i rješenje ovog problema je prebačen u Archibiet. Iako je imao puno misli, Arhimed, koji nije mogao shvatiti problem, otišao u kadu za kupanje,osjetio njegovu težinu u kadi, i rekao, "Našao sam ga," On je skočio iz kade. Pitam se što Archişet pronašli. Predmet potopljen u vodu će izgubiti težinu kao težina vodanosi, a vode koje je bio kruna je u usporedbi s vode koja kruna je kamenovan i problem može biti riješen.

 

Prije Arhimedova istraživanja, poznato je da na prijestolje plivao ali željezo potonuo;Ali razlog za to je objasnio. Arhimedova zakona je pokazao da nema mjesta za slučajnosti u prirodi, da iste rezultate uvijek postići u istim uvjetima. Arhimed, 23 stoljeća,našao vrlo blizu razumijevanje moderni znanstveni pristup, statičke i hidrostatski zakonima koji se primjenjuju danas, i oni imaju pravo postati jedan od tri najveća junaka u povijesti znanosti.


 

Arshimedes je obranu Sirakuze

 

216. pr. Kr, Arhimed je premašio 70 godina, rekao da Syracuse kralj Hieron mrtav, jedan od njegovih rođaka. Na kraju drugog Pön rata, grad je bio poražen i Carthage pristali ujediniti. Na vrhu toga, Rimljani su poslali Claudius Marcellus, jedan od svojihpoznatih konzulovu, da Siracusa s vojskom.

 

Starog Arhimeda, koji nikada nije bio uključen u politici njegov rad, dao sam miran imiran život. Ali seljaci, koji se divio njegovu mudrost i inteligenciju, želi pomoć mu obranu grada. Arhimed je pristao na ovaj poziv od strane ne želeći.

 

Rimljani biou učenje svoje kreativne sposobnosti kao izumitelj i inženjer. Jednog dana rimski ratni brod koji je namamila na gradske zidine na obali, iznenada naišao je ogromna, monstruozna kliješta. Alat koji je došao iz zidova razbio ga između njegove čeljusti i zgrabio broda od pramca. Načela rada ovog alata koje djeluju uz pomoćpoluge i okretni valjci, bili objavio Arhimeda. Dakle, prednost mehanizam je provedeno kao načelo vremena.

 

U međuvremenu, div katapulti smještena iza zidina bili teških strijele i kamenje na neprijatelja. Jarbol posude s rupama u cijevi i u palubu popuštaju, padaju na brod, neprijatelj je pretrpio teške gubitke.

 

On je rekao da je Arhimed reflektira sunčeve zrake na neprijatelja kroz veliko ogledalo i zapalio brodove. Ali ova priča, što je teško povjerovati, možda je ništa drugo nego mit.

 

Međutim, strojevi koji je Arhimed izumio su očima Rimljana koji je dugo vremena, kad su vidjeli konop ili štapić na zidovima, su vrištati i bježati. Claudius Marcellus shvatio da njegov vlastiti inženjeri mogao nositi sa svog neprijatelja, da li se on divio ili ne. "Zašto se bore sa ovom matematika diva? On sjedi na obali i uništava naše flote isprda se sa nama! "rekao je on i Siracuza je preuzeo potpunu blokadu.

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