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Cine este Arhimede?
Arhimede a fost un matematician grec născut siciliană, fizician, astronom, filosof şi inginer care a trăit între 287-212 î.Hr. Forța de ridicare a apei ar fi găsit într-o baie este cea mai cunoscută contribuţia la ştiinţă, dar tatăl lui calculul integral în funcţie de mulţi istorici matematice este Arhimede.
Atunci când Roman sandor generală a asediat Sirakuza, a fost nevoit să ia orașul din cauza armelor inginer numit Arhimede a făcut. Cele mai multe dintre ele au fost mecanisme mecanice şi au fost concepute pentru a inspira unele reguli ştiinţifice. De exemplu, cu ajutorul unor role, pietrele foarte grele au fost dezgropate la tufişuri şi aruncă departe cu catapulte. Este, de asemenea, zvonuri că Arhimede ars Marinei romane folosind oglinzi. Cu toate acestea, în 212 î.Hr., romanii au confiscat Sirakuza și ucis Arhimede împreună cu alte sosirile avansate ale oraşului. A spus el, în acelaşi timp, Arhimede a fost de gândire despre rezolvarea unei probleme a desenat pe pământ, şi el a spus un soldat Roman care a abordat-l la distanţă de mers pe jos şi lăsaţi-lsingur; Dar Soldatul a ucis-l imediat, ignorând Arhimede. Roman general a fost foarte deranjat de crima de acest om de ştiinţă foarte talentat, în cazul în care istoria esteo rasă rară.
Arhimede este atât un fizician, matematician și un filosof. El a fost găsit în Alexandria pentru o perioada de timp în tinereţea sa, unde a devenit prieteni cu Eratostene, iar apoi a luat scrisori cu el. Inventii realizate în domeniul mecanic de Arhimede includ combinate role, infinit şuruburi, şuruburi hidraulice şi ardere oglinzi. El a lăsat multe lucrări în domeniul geometriei de matematică, care contribuie la zonele statice şi hidrostatice ale fizicii.
Una dintre cele mai importante contribuţii la geometrie este că ea se dovedeşte că suprafaţa unei sfere este egal cu 4ΠR2 şi volumul său este 4/3 πr3. A arătat că valoarea de pi este între 3 L/7 şi 3 10/71, dovedind că zona a unui apartament este egal cu circumferința acestui cerc și înălțimea egală cu raza de triunghi.
Una dintre Arhimede strălucite realizări matematice este dezvoltarea unor metode pentru a găsi zone de suprafete curbe. O parabolă taie dreptunghiul de tăiere, în timp ce cel puţin infinit abordat contul. Infinit mic contul este posibilitatea de a adăugao mică bucată de cea mai mică parte care poate fi concepută într-un domeniu matematic. Acest cont are o valoare foarte mare data. Ulterior el a format baza pentru dezvoltarea matematicii moderne şi formează o bază bună pentru diferenţial şi calculul integral găsite de către Newton şi Leibniz.
Arhimede s-a dovedit că spaţiul de o parabolă taie prin metoda de cuartila este egalcu 4/3 din domeniul unui triunghi cu aceeaşi bază şi înălţimea, în cartea sa, careeste quadruentation de Parabolin.
Om de ştiinţă care relevă principiile de echilibru pentru prima dată este Arhimede. Unele dintre aceste principii includ:
Greutăți egale sunt echilibrate în braţele egale.
Greutățile inegale rămân în echilibru atunci când este îndeplinită următoarea condiție în braţele inegale: F1 · A = F2 · b
Bazat pe munca lui, el a spus, "da-mi un punct de sprijin, voi muta pamantul."
Arhimede a găsit, de asemenea, Legea pe echilibrul fluidelor recunoscut de către nume propriu. Se spune că într-o zi, regele II Hieron a fost suspectat de amestecare argint în coroana de aur, care bijuterie a făcut, şi soluţia acestei probleme a fost transferat la Archibiet. Deşi a avut o mulţime de gândire, Arhimede, care nu a putut da seama problema, sa dus la baie sa faca baie, m-am simtit greutatea a scăzut în timp ceîn cada de baie, şi a spus, "Am găsit-o," el a sărit din baie. Mă întreb ce Archişet gasit. Un obiect scufundat în apă ar pierde greutate cât de mult greutatea apei pe care o purta, şi apa care a fost dat la coroana a fost comparat cu apa pe care o coroana adrogat şi ar putea fi rezolvat problema.
Înainte de cercetare Arhimede, era cunoscut că tronul inotat, dar s-a scufundat fier;Dar motivul pentru care nu a fost explicat. Arhimede Legea a arătat că nu este loc pentru coincidente în natură, că aceleaşi rezultate întotdeauna va fi realizat în aceleaşi condiţii. Arhimede, 23 secole în urmă, a găsit o înţelegere foarte aproape de abordare ştiinţifică modernă, statice şi hidrostatică legile care se aplică astăzi, şi le-au câştigat dreptul de a deveni unul din trei eroi cea mai mare din istoria ştiinţei.
Arshimedes pe de aparare din Siracuza
În 216 î.Hr., Arhimede a depăşit 70 de ani, spune că Siracusa regele Hieron a murit,una din rudele sale. La sfârşitul al doilea război Pön, oraşul a fost învins şi Cartaginaau convenit să se unească. Pe deasupra, romanii au trimis Claudius Marcellus, unul dintre sale faimoase Consul, la Siracusa cu o armată.
Arhimede vechi, care nu a fost implicat în politica din munca sa, a dat el însuşi o viaţă liniştită şi calmă. Dar conaţionalii, care a admirat intelepciunea si inteligenta sa, dorit pentru a-l apăra oraşul. Arhimede a acceptat acest apel de nu doresc.
Romanii au nu întârzie abilităţile sale creatoare de învăţare ca un inventator și inginer. Într-o zi, un vas de război romane, care a fost atras să zidurilor oraşului pe mal, brusc a întâlnit un cleşte gigant, monstruos. Instrument care a ieşit din spatele zidurilor a distrus între fălcile lui ca el a apucat nava de la prova. Principiile de lucru ale acestui instrument, care funcţionează cu ajutorul unor pârghii şi roata de transmisie rotativ, au fost descoperite de Arhimede. Astfel, un mecanism de pârghie a fost efectuată ca un principiu de timp.
Între timp, catapulte gigant amplasate în spatele zidurilor au fost grele săgeți și pietre pe inamic. Catargul vaselor cu găuri în punte şi conducta de se prabuseste, care se încadrează la bordul navei, inamicul a suferit pierderi grele.
Se spune că Arhimede reflecta razele soarelui pe inamicul printr-o oglindă mare şi setaţi navelor pe foc. Dar această poveste, care este foarte greu de crezut, este, probabil, nimic mai mult decât un mit.
Cu toate acestea, maşinile care Arhimede inventat au fost ochii romanilor care au fost atât de mult timp, când au văzut o coarda sau o baghetă pe pereti, acestea au fost să ţipe şi fuge. Claudius Marcellus înţeles că propria ingineri ar putea face faţă cu inamicul său, dacă el a admirat-o sau nu. "De ce lupta cu acest gigant de matematica? El stă pe ţărm şi distruge flota noastra ca el face distractiv de noi! ", a spus el, şi Siracuza a luat o blocadă completă.
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