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История на въглища
Разработките в областта на промишлеността бяха залети от Великобритания към външните страни. От началото на XVIII век Франция е последвала техническото развитие във Великобритания с интерес и изпратил млад индустриалец извън manş.
Мисията на младите индустриалци бе да изследва новите методи, прилагани в минните предприятия. Французите, които научили английския капитализъм, имаха ентусиазъм да имат думата в икономическия живот на страната и да постигнат по-голяма инициатива. В Loncads "отчаяна съпротива и предразсъдъци на благородниците са загубили своята предишна сила сега. Сред акционерите на Анзин мини (1757) от първите компании да споделят акции, имаше и други Croy, Charost и Choulnes херцог в буржоазията. Финансовият министър Тюрго също подкрепи специални инициативи. Нови форми на заем, Парижката фондова борса и 1757 за първи френски военноморски транспорт застрахователна компания в предприятието, разпространението на фабриките стана предния крак.
Работата на Департамента по труда в заводите постепенно се установява, като масовото производство се увеличава. Междувременно, в 1777, първата "Джени" в Руан влезе в експлоатация, и ние не преминават сигнала. Във всички страни на Европа основната индустрия е все още облекло и артилерия. По-точно, те са царете, които приоритизират тези индустрии. Ето защо, първите технически училища са били установени (първият е 1745 ′ в Брауншвайг (Германия) и минни инженери започна да се култивира. По същата причина, учените са чули необходимостта да се опре към тази техника. Значението на тези области се дължи на факта, че минната индустрия дойде главно в производството на оръжия и тъкане индустрия е едновременно облечени в армията и набира печалби на чуждестранните пазари.
Великобритания е платил скъпо за това, че първата страна за развитие на тези индустрии. Високите пещи, използвани за отделяне на желязо от минерална руда са поглъщане лакомо дърво, от друга страна, високата печалба, предоставена от производството на вълна доведе собствениците на земя да пасища техните култури, за да изхранват добитъка си. Дори не се страхуваха да режат горите. Останалата част от горите са погълнати от минната индустрия. Той е бил на мястото на цялата гора на Дийн. Ако той продължава така, той дори няма да може да хвърли клонка в тези алчни усти. Великобритания трябва да донесе желязо от Швеция в резултат на собствените си мини?
Тук, в 1625, един млад човек на име Дъдли се питаше този въпрос. В Бирмингам, ръководителят на една фабрика, принадлежащи към баща си, околните гори, се разглежда като производството падна. В този случай е необходимо да се намери друго запалимо вещество от дървесината. Може ли това да е въглен? Тъй като той не е имал роли до този ден, ние почти никога не споменава въглищна мина. Хората от древността, използвани много малко от минни въглища; Защото те са роби да стоплят домовете си, и да получите много дърво и механична енергия. Само китайците използват въглища, за да готвят порцелан, особено. Накратко, това не се случи на всеки да се възползва от Въглищните мини, освен ако не е задължително. Започвайки от 12 век, се отнася за дървесината са започнали. Затопляне, домашно, плавателни съдове и машини са подобни на корените на горите; Тогава горивото проблем дойде главно в промишлени области като Белгия, Англия, Рур. Но как хората дори мисля за "черен камък", че те са били подценява през цялото това време?
Говори се, че дължим въглищата на белгийски Ковач на име Houillos. Man (в 1197) един ден, когато той седеше в началото на погасяване пещ и мисълта за черна земя, а тъмно коси, брадат старец, който видя Ковач толкова отчаяно да го видя, "Моят приятел", каза той, "отидете в съседните планина, копаят на земята, желязо Ще намерите черен земята вена да победи. Този, който е чул това, Houillos избяга, направи това, което Старецът каза. След това, печката се изгаря и ваксината е приготвена. Houillos не се колебайте да разкрие тайната си на другите-така че те нарекли този черен камък "Houil" на френски език. Това са фактите на истината, не се подчиняват, че е сигурно: белгийските въглищни мини са били експлоатирани от 1224. Великобритания през 1239 в Нюкасъл, Франция през 1320 ′ Rochela-Молиер, Германия в 1429, Рур започва да работи въглищни мини.
За съжаление, въглищата, извлечени от тези депозити е ниска, и това е демонично същество се дължи на миризмата на сяра, което е причинило някои заболявания, причинява вреда на кожата на дамите, замърсяващи прането и т. н.... Беше повярвано. Така че, до 1340, обаче, рядък брой хора се осмели да го използвам.
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English
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Deutsche
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български
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hrvatski
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čeština
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dansk
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Nederlands
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français
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Ελληνικά
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हिंदी
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Indonesia
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italiano
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norsk
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Polskie
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Português
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românesc
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русский
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slovenský
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español
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Український
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Melayu
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svenska
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ไทย
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Magyar
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việt
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Suomalainen
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