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Historie af kul
Udviklingen inden for branchen var sprøjtede fra Storbritannien til de eksterne lande. Siden begyndelsen af 1700-tallet, har Frankrig fulgte den tekniske udvikling i Storbritannien med interesse og sendte en ung industrimand ud over manş.
Den unge erhvervsfolk mission var at undersøge de nye metoder, der anvendes i minedrift virksomheder. Den franske, der har lært dansk kapitalisme, havde entusiasme at have indflydelse på landets økonomiske liv og opnå mere initiativ. Loncads' desperate modstand og fordomme af adelen havde mistet deres tidligere magt nu. Blandt aktionærerne i Anzin miner (1757) fra de første virksomheder til at dele bestande, var der andre Croy, Charost og Choulnes hertuger i borgerskabet. Finansminister Turgot støttede også særlige initiativer. Nye former for lån, Paris Børsen og 1757 ′ første franske flåde transport Insurance company i etableringen, spredning af fabrikker blev den forreste fod.
Arbejdet i afdelingen for arbejde i fabrikkerne er gradvist afregning, masseproduktion stigende. I mellemtiden, i 1777, den første "Jenny" i Rouen er trådt i drift, og passerer vi ikke signalet. I alle lande i Europa var den grundlæggende industri stadig tøj og artilleri. Mere præcist, var de konger, der prioriteres disse industrier. Derfor, de første tekniske skoler blev etableret (først var 1745 ′ i Brunswick (Tyskland) og minedrift ingeniører begyndte at blive opdyrket. Af samme grund har videnskabsmænd hørt nødvendighed at læne sig mod denne teknik. Betydningen af disse områder var skyldes, at mineindustrien kom hovedsagelig i fremstilling af våben og vævning industri var begge klædt i hæren og at få gevinster på udenlandske markeder.
Storbritannien har betalt dyrt for at være det første land til at udvikle disse industrier. De høje ovne bruges til at adskille jern fra de mineralske malm synke frådseri træ, på den anden side de høje gevinst fra uldindustrien ført jordejere til at græsse deres afgrøder for at fodre deres dyr. De var ikke selv bange for at skære skove. Resten af skovene blev slugt af mineindustrien. Han var steder i skoven hele Dean. Hvis han går sådan her, kunne ikke han selv smide en kvist i disse grådige mund. Har Storbritannien at bringe jern fra Sverige som følge af sin egen miner?
Her på 1625, en ung mand ved navn Dudley spørger sig selv dette spørgsmål. I Birmingham, blev lederen af en fabrik, der tilhører hans far, de omkringliggende skove, set som produktionen faldt. I dette tilfælde var det nødvendigt at finde en anden brandfarligt stof fra træet. Kunne det have været trækul? Da han havde nogen roller indtil dag, havde vi næsten aldrig nævnt kulmine. Mennesker i oldtiden brugt meget lidt af mine kul; Fordi de havde slaver til at opvarme deres hjem og få en masse træ og mekanisk magt. Kun kinesiske brugt kul til at koge porcelæn, især. Kort sagt, faldt det ikke til nogen at drage fordel af kulminerne, medmindre det var obligatorisk. Startende fra 1100-tallet, er bekymringer om træet begyndt. Opvarmning, hjemmelavet, fartøjer og maskiner var lignende til rødderne af skove; Derefter kom brændstof problemet hovedsagelig i industrielle områder som Belgien, England, Ruhr. Men hvordan folk selv mener om den "sorte sten" at de har undervurderer alle denne gang?
Rygtet har det, vi skylder kul til belgiske smed ved navn Houillos. Mand (i 1197) en dag når han sad i begyndelsen af den slukkede ovn og tanken om sorte jord, en mørkhåret, skæggede gamle mand, der så smeden så desperat efter at se det, "Min ven," sagde han, "gå til den nærliggende bjerg, grave jorden, jern Du vil finde en sort jorden vene til beat." Den, der har hørt, at Houillos løb, gjorde, hvad den gamle mand sagde. Efter at komfuret er brændt og vaccinen er kogt. Houillos tøvede ikke med at afsløre sin hemmelige til andre--så de kaldte denne sorte sten "Houil" i fransk. Disse er fakta om sandheden, ikke adlyder, det er sikkert: de belgiske kulminer har været drevet siden 1224. Storbritannien i 1239 i Newcastle, Frankrig i 1320 ′ Rochela-Moliere, Tyskland i 1429, Ruhr begyndte at operere kulminer.
Desværre, kul udvindes fra disse indskud var lav, og det var en dæmonisk essensen på grund af lugten af svovl, som forårsagede nogle sygdomme, forårsager skade på damernes hud, kontaminerende Tøjvask, etc... Det var ment. Så, indtil 1340, dog en sjælden antal mennesker vovede at bruge den.
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English
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Deutsche
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български
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hrvatski
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čeština
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dansk
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Nederlands
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français
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Ελληνικά
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हिंदी
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Indonesia
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italiano
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norsk
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Polskie
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Português
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românesc
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русский
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slovenský
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español
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Український
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Melayu
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svenska
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ไทย
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Magyar
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việt
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Suomalainen
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