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Istoria de cărbune
Evoluţiile din domeniul industriei au fost stropit din Marea Britanie în ţările din afara. La începutul secolului al XVIII-lea, Franța a urmat evoluţia tehnică în Marea Britanie cu interes şi trimis un industriaş tineri dincolo de manş.
Industriaşilor tineri misiune a fost să examineze noi metode aplicate întreprinderilor miniere. Franceză, care a învăţat limba engleză capitalismului, a avut entuziasm să aibă un cuvânt de spus în viaţa economică a ţării şi pentru a obţine mai multe initiative. Loncads disperat rezistenţă şi prejudecăţile nobililor pierduse puterea lor fostul acum. Printre acţionarii Anzin minelor (1757) din primele companii de a împărtăşi stocuri, erau alte Croy, Charost şi Choulnes duci în burgheziei. Ministrul Finanţelor Turgot sprijinit, de asemenea, iniţiativele speciale. Noi forme de împrumut, Bursa din Paris şi 1757 ′ prima franceză navale transportul companiei de asigurări în unitate, proliferarea de fabrici a devenit piciorul din fata.
Activitatea Departamentului Muncii in fabricile este treptat de decantare, producţia de masă a fost creşterea. Între timp, în 1777, primul "Jenny" din Rouen a intrat în operaţie, şi nu transmitem semnalul. În toate ţările din Europa, bază industria era încă îmbrăcăminte şi artilerie. Mai exact, ei au fost regi care prioritizate aceste industrii. Prin urmare, s-au stabilit primele şcoli tehnice (primul a fost ′ 1745 din Braunschweig (Germania) şi ingineri minier a început să fie cultivat. Din acelaşi motiv, oamenii de ştiinţă au auzit necesitatea de a inclina spre aceasta tehnica. Importanţa acestor zone a fost datorită faptului că industria minieră a venit în principal în producţia de arme şi industria ţesut atât a fost îmbrăcat în armată şi obţine câştiguri în pieţele externe.
Marea Britanie a plătit scump pentru a fi prima ţară care să dezvolte aceste industrii. Cuptoare ridicat folosit pentru separarea fierului din minereu minerale au fost înghiţire lăcomia lemn, pe de altă parte, câştig mare furnizate de industria de lână condus proprietarii de teren pentru pășunat culturile lor pentru a hrăni animale lor. Acestea nu au fost chiar teamă să taie pădurile. Restul de pădurile au fost înghiţite de industria minieră. El a fost în locurile de toată pădurea de Decan. În cazul în care merge ca aceasta, el nu va fi chiar posibilitatea de a arunca o crenguţă în acele guri lacome. Marea Britanie a trebuit să aducă fier din Suedia, ca urmare a minelor din proprie?
Aici la 1625, un tânăr pe nume Dudley cerea însuşi această întrebare. În Birmingham, şeful unei fabrici aparţinând tatălui său, pădurile din jur, a fost vazut ca producţia a scăzut. În acest caz, a fost necesar pentru a găsi un alt substanţe inflamabile din lemn. Care au putut cărbune? Deoarece el a avut nici un rol până în acea zi, am avut aproape niciodată menţionat mină de cărbune. Oamenii din antichitate au folosit foarte putin din mina de cărbune; Pentru ca aveau sclavi pentru a încălzi casele lor, şi pentru a obţine o mulţime de putere lemn şi mecanice. Numai chinezii folosit cărbune pentru a găti portelan, mai ales. Pe scurt, ea nu a avut loc pentru oricine pentru a profita de mine de cărbuni, dacă nu a fost obligatorie. Incepand din secolul XII, preocupările legate de lemn au început. Încălzirea, casă, vase şi utilaje au fost similare cu ale pădurilor; Apoi problema de combustibil a venit în principal în zone industriale, cum ar fi Belgia, Anglia, Ruhr. Dar cum a făcut oamenii chiar cred despre "piatra neagră" că au fost subestimarea în tot acest timp?
Se zvoneşte, datorăm cărbunelui la un fierar Belgian, numit Houillos. Om (în 1197) într-o zi când el a fost aşezat la începutul cuptorul stins şi a crezut că de pământ negru, un brunet, bărbos bătrân, care a văzut fierar atât de disperat să-l Vezi, "Prietenul meu", a spus, "du-te la munte vecine, săpa solul, fier Veţi găsi o venă de sol negru să bată." Cel care a auzit că, Houillos a fugit, a făcut ceea ce a spus bătrânul. După aceea, soba este ars şi vaccinul este gătit. Houillos nu a ezitat să dezvăluie secretul lui altora--astfel încât ei au numit această piatră neagră "Houil" în limba franceză. Acestea sunt faptele adevărului, nu ascultă, este sigur: minele de cărbune belgiene au fost operate din 1224. Marea Britanie în 1239 din Newcastle, Franţa în 1320 ′ Rochela-Moliere, Germania în 1429, Ruhr-ului a început să lucreze în minele de cărbune.
Din păcate, a Cărbunelui extras din aceste depozite a fost scăzută, şi a fost o esenta demonica datorită miros de sulf, care a provocat unele boli, veninos harm la femei piele, contaminante spălătorie, etc... S-a crezut. Deci, până la 1340, cu toate acestea, un număr de rare de oameni au îndrăznit să-l folosească.
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English
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Deutsche
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български
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hrvatski
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čeština
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dansk
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Nederlands
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français
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Ελληνικά
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हिंदी
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Indonesia
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italiano
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norsk
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Polskie
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Português
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românesc
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русский
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slovenský
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español
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Український
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Melayu
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svenska
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ไทย
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Magyar
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việt
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Suomalainen
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