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Apakah jenis-jenis sel-sel bahan api hidrogen?

Jenis-jenis sel bahanapi

 

Bergantung kepada elektrolit yang menggunakan jenis, sel bahan api boleh dibahagikan kepada beberapa jenis.

 

1. sel bahanapi beralkali (AFC)

 

Sel bahanapi ini digunakan sebagai elektrolit yang di KOH. Pengurangan oksigen alkali electrolytes adalah lebih cepat berbanding di kinetics electrolytes asid dan penggunaan pemangkin electro logam menjadikan AFC ekonomikal. Walau bagaimanapun, ia tidak membenarkan kehadiran bendasing yang berasid seperti CO2 dalam persekitaran disebabkan oleh kadar pelepasan.

 

Alkali sistem bekerja dengan baik pada suhu bilik dan mempunyai kecekapan voltan tinggi antara semua sistem bahan api yang lain. Di samping itu, AFC mempunyai kehidupan yang lama beroperasi, kerana ia boleh menyesuaikan diri dengan bahan-bahan yang banyak.

 

AFC adalah sistem yang boleh dipercayai dan mampu mencapai kuasa yang agak tinggi dalam jumlah yang kecil. Kepadatan kuasa yang berbeza-beza antara 100-200 mW/cm ². Kos akan cuba untuk dihantar ke /kw $ 50/100 untuk sektor pengangkutan.

 

2. sel bahanapi Anodizing asid (PAFC)

 

Dalam minyak sel di mana Anodizing asid digunakan dalam keluli tahan, relatif bahan api bersih (seperti gas asli, LPG) atau gas daripada aerator yang dibersihkan. Ia memberi tumpuan kepada dua aplikasi terdekat kepada pasaran. Ini adalah loji-loji janakuasa dan cogenaration unit. Ia adalah perlu untuk menggunakan pemangkin electro logam soya dalam PAFC. Walaupun kelemahan ini, asid Anodizing menyediakan kestabilan haba, bahan kimia dan elektrokimia yang cemerlang sebagai elektrolit yang. Selain itu, Pafcs adalah sangat berfaedah bagi penggunaan sisa haba.

 

PAFC sistem adalah sistem yang paling maju dalam aplikasi di bumi. Mereka kebanyakannya digunakan untuk menghasilkan elektrik di tempat-tempat seperti Hotel, Pusat membeli-belah dan sebagainya. Pafcs akan tersedia secara komersil dalam bentuk sebuah 24 V penjana elektrik, dari 250 W untuk 200 KW. Kos pelaburan adalah $287/kw dalam sistem KW PKC 200 yang menggunakan gas sebagai bahan api.

 

Pafcs boleh bekerja terbaik di peringkat pengeluaran tetap. Dengan sistem hibrid, ia melakukan lebih baik jika keperluan kuasa yang tinggi yang diperlukan oleh pecutan bertemu dengan alat-alat lain. Permohonan-permohonan yang paling indah untuk PAFCS akan tugas berat kenderaan atau lokomotif.

 

3. pepejal oksida sel bahanapi (SOFC)

 

SOFCs adalah bahan api pepejal bateri. Kebanyakan bahan sel terdiri daripada seramik khas dan nikel. Operasi suhu adalah sekitar 1000 º C. Sebagai bahan api telah dicampurkan dengan CO, hidrogen yang digunakan dan sebagai tindak balas produk, wap air dan CO2 akan muncul.

 

Sofc adalah tempat di mana kedua-dua elektrik dan haba boleh digunakan kerana turbin stim unit. A kojana yang boleh digabungkan dengan wap diperolehi walaupun dengan 1000 º C. Oleh yang demikian, kecekapan keseluruhan sistem boleh mencapai sehingga 50-55%. kos-kos kini dikira pelaburan adalah $1500/KW.

 

4. proton penggantian membran sel bahanapi (PEMFC)

 

"Pemfc" telah dicipta oleh General Electric pada 1960-an awal. Ia biasanya dipanggil sebagai sel bahanapi pepejal polimer elektrolitik. Jenis sel-sel bahan api, membran boleh digunakan untuk lulus PROTON (ion-ion hidrogen).

 

Sel bahanapi PEM terdiri daripada elektrolit yang kukuh dengan PROTON, seperti perphorlu polimer asid sulfurik, menekan antara dua elektron yang disalut dengan platinum. Ia mewujudkan sebuah medan gas antara katod elektrolit dan katod, membolehkan pengangkutan ion-ion hidrogen yang betul di katod katod. Polimer electrolytes terdiri daripada saluran-saluran penyebaran gas yang ditemui dalam elektrod-elektrod gas. Pada masa yang sama, saluran ini juga adalah tugas pengumpulan arus elektrik. Suhu operasi pems yang berada pada suhu yang sangat rendah, seperti 80-90 º C, dan tekanan operasi adalah antara tekanan atm 1-8. Jenis sel-sel bahan api boleh bekerja dengan hidrogen dan oksigen pada kadar kelembapan yang tertentu.

 

PEMs mempunyai ketumpatan kuasa tinggi 350 mW/cm ² dan sedang tersedia secara komersil dalam julat kuasa 100-500 W. Kos pelaburan juga adalah dari 5000-13000. Dengan penurunan dalam kos membran dan pemangkin dan sekiranya terdapat siri pengeluaran, kos ini akan 10-20 kali ganda nilainya.

 

Kuasa tinggi intensiti, starter yang cepat dan pantas dan output kuasa pemboleh mematuhi PEMs yang disediakan di dalam kawasan pengangkutan.

 

5. mencairkan bergas sel bahanapi (MCFC)

 

MCFC yang beroperasi pada suhu 600-650 º C dan merupakan salah satu generasi kedua bahan api bateri dibangunkan tempahan. Anotta CO2, produk gas kaya dan H2O pengeluaran disediakan, dan CO2 dihantar ke bercampur dengan udara yang memasuki Catota itu.

 

Disebabkan oleh operasi suhu tinggi MCFC itu, ia boleh digunakan untuk haba sisa berharga, memproses tujuan suhu dan cogenaration. Kelebihan yang paling penting terus digunakan di dalam sel di katod chamber untuk penukaran haba sisa sendiri dari desulfurization kepada Hydrojene. Kos pelaburan yang disasarkan MCFC adalah pada paras $1000/KW.

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