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Wat zijn de soorten van waterstof-brandstofcellen?

Brandstof celtypes

 

Afhankelijk van de elektrolyt typen gebruiken, brandstofcellen kunnen worden onderverdeeld in verschillende rassen.

 

1. alkaline brandstofcel (AFC)

 

Deze cel van de brandstof wordt gebruikt als een elektrolyt in KOH. Vermindering van de zuurstof in alkali elektrolyten is sneller dan de kinetiek van zure elektrolyten en het gebruik van niet-metalen electro katalysatoren maakt AFC zuinig. Het staat echter niet toe de aanwezigheid van zure verontreinigingen zoals CO2 in het milieu als gevolg van de emissie tarief.

 

Alkali systemen werken heel goed bij kamertemperatuur en hebben de hoogste efficiëntie van de spanning tussen alle andere brandstofsystemen. De AFC heeft bovendien een lange levensduur, als het goed met veel materialen kunt aanpassen.

 

De AFC zijn betrouwbare systemen en zijn in staat om relatief hoog vermogen in klein volume. De macht dichtheden variëren tussen de 100-200 mW/cm ². Kosten worden berecht moeten worden geleverd aan de 50/100 $/kw voor de transportsector.

 

2. fosforzuur brandstofcel (Fosforzuurbrandstofcel)

 

In deze brandstof cel waar fosforzuur wordt gebruikt in elektrolytisch, de relatieve schone brandstoffen (zoals aardgas, LPG) of het gas uit de beluchtingsinrichting ingeblazen worden schoongemaakt. Het richt zich op twee toepassingen zich het dichtst bij de markt. Dit zijn elektrische centrales en cogenaration eenheden. Er moet een soja metalen electro katalysator in Fosforzuurbrandstofcel gebruiken. Ondanks dit nadeel biedt fosforzuur uitstekende thermische, chemische en elektrochemische stabiliteit als een elektrolyt. Bovendien zijn de Pafcs zeer voordelig voor het gebruik van restwarmte.

 

Fosforzuurbrandstofcel systemen zijn het meest ontwikkelde systemen in de toepassingen op aarde. Ze worden meestal gebruikt voor de productie van elektriciteit in plaatsen zoals appartementen, winkelcentra, enz. Pafcs zijn commercieel verkrijgbaar in de vorm van een 24 V elektrische generator, van 250 W naar 200 KW. De investeringskosten is $287/kw in een 200 KW PKC-systeem dat maakt gebruik van gas als brandstof.

 

Pafcs kan het beste werken op het uitgangsniveau van een vaste. Met een hybridesysteem presteert het beter als de hoge stroomvereisten voorgeschreven versnelling wordt voldaan met andere hulpprogramma's. De mooiste toepassingen van PAFCS zullen in vrachtwagens of locomotieven.

 

3. solid oxide brandstofcellen (SOFC)

 

SOFCs zijn vaste brandstoffen batterijen. Allermeest naar de cel materialen bestaan uit speciale keramiek en nikkel. Bedrijfstemperatuur is ongeveer 1000 º C. Als brandstof wordt gecombineerd met CO, waterstof wordt gebruikt en als een reactieproduct, waterdamp en CO2 zijn in opkomst.

 

SOFC zijn plaatsen waar zowel warmte als elektriciteit kunnen worden gebruikt als een apparaat A stoomturbine van warmtekrachtkoppeling kan worden gecombineerd met stoom worden verkregen zelfs met 1000 º C. Dus totale systeemefficiency bereikbaar tot 50-55%. de momenteel berekende investeringskosten zijn $1500/KW.

 

4. proton vervanging membraan brandstofcel (PEMFC)

 

"Pemfc" werd uitgevonden door General Electric in de vroege jaren 1960. Het is een stevig polymeer elektrolytische fuel cell genoemd. In dit type van brandstofcellen, kunnen de membranen geschiedde protonen (waterstof ionen) worden gebruikt.

 

De PEM-brandstofcel is samengesteld uit een solide elektrolyt met protonen, zoals perphorlu zwavelzuur zuur polymeren, geperst tussen twee elektronen bekleed met platina. Het creëert een kolom van gas tussen de elektrolyt anode en kathode, waardoor het vervoer van de juiste waterstof-ionen in de anode kathode. Polymeer elektrolyten bestaan uit gas diffusie kabelgoten gevonden in gas-elektroden. Deze kanalen bevinden zich op hetzelfde moment, ook de taak van het verzamelen van de elektrische stroom. De bedrijfstemperatuur van de pems is bij zeer lage temperaturen, zoals 80-90 º C, en de operationele druk zijn tussen 1-8 ATM-druk. Deze types van brandstofcellen kunnen werken met waterstof en zuurstof met een bepaalde snelheid van vocht.

 

PEMs hebben een hoge vermogensdichtheid van 350 mW/cm ² en zijn momenteel verkrijgbare in het vermogensbereik van 100-500 W. Investeringskosten zijn ook varieerden van 5000-13000. Met de daling in de kosten van het membraan en katalysator en in geval van serieproductie zullen deze kosten 10-20 vouw naar beneden.

 

Hoogvermogen-intensiteit, snelle en snelle starter en variabele vermogen voldoen aan de PEMs die beschikbaar zijn op het gebied van vervoer.

 

5. smelt koolzuurhoudende brandstofcel (MCFC)

 

De MCFC werkt bij een temperatuur van 600-650 º C en behoort tot de tweede generatie brandstof batterijen onlangs ontwikkeld. In de Anotta CO2, rijke gas product en H2O productie wordt verstrekt, en CO2 wordt verzonden te worden gemengd met de lucht die de Catota binnenkomt.

 

Als gevolg van de hoge bedrijfstemperatuur van de MCFC, het kan worden gebruikt voor waardevolle restwarmte, temperatuur-en cogenaration verwerken. Zijn belangrijkste voordelen worden rechtstreeks in de cel in de zaal van de anode voor de conversie van eigen afvalwarmte van ontzwaveling naar Hydrojene. De gerichte investeringskosten voor MCFC is op een niveau van $1000/KW.

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