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Изобретяването на механичен часовник
Първите стъпки към механичното измерване на времето са дошли от духовенството. Монасите трябваше да знаят точното време да се молят. Първите механични часовници са направени да обявим време, а не на шоуто. Тези часовници са работили на база тегло, и те са оборудвани с определени интервали от време и копчета, които удари Гонг. В предишните векове, усилията да се гарантира, че старите системи време даде гласови предупреждения не доведе до положителен резултат. Сложни механизми са били произведени, които показват изминалото време от хвърляне на малки каменни частици или разпенващ свирка.
Слънцето часовник, вода часовник, и пясъчен часовник са насочени към показване на времето по различни начини. Механичен часовник за изпълнение на определена механична функция в живота на манастира, за да се произведе звук чрез чук и по този начин да се уточнят конкретните времеви интервали. По това време, часовниците са смятани за звънене камбани. На английски език, думата "часовник" идва от латинската clocca и смисъла на камбаната. Въпреки това, думата след това започва да се определят всички часовници. Механизмът за механични часовници е дойде и да се схема, която държи и оставя на въже или верига, че теглото виси на кратки интервали и е общата характеристика на всички съвременни часовници. По този начин, за кратко състояние и Низходящо тегло спаси часовник механизъм да бъде обвързана с дължина или кратко на деня. Най-старият вид на този механизъм е известен като "клин". Метална пръчка, снабдена с пирони и хоризонтално-движение на главата с един-към-а-страна вретено във всяка кормило, и вал ускорение се контролира от теглото, прикрепен към външния край. Декорирани. Когато теглото е изтеглен, трептенията ускорява, и се забавя, когато тя стане по-близо. По този начин, първоначално е било възможно да се определи минути и след секунди.
Дизайнът на Джовани ди Донди, един от най-известните в механични часа, се състои от махало и резбовани съоръжения махало на механизма на обработка на теглото, и не набира на час. Часовникът система, която не съвпада с нощните часове на дневни часове, е 14. През века, механичните часовници продължиха да се извършват. Първият път, когато се разделя на ден в равни часове е времето на църквата Saint Gottard в Милано. В средата на века, кулите на големите европейски градове са започнали да видите механични часовници и са все по-разпространени. Тези часове, които работят с идват и си отиват схема, продължава за 300 години. С въвеждането на часовника пролетта Петър Хайнлайн в Нюрнберг в 1500 ' s, големи тежести са направени възможно за преносими малки часовници. През първите часове, нямаше циферблати, няма скорпиони, няма жилетки. Ниската степен на грамотност е необходимо да се поставят камбани в часовници, вместо на хора, които искат да видят това, което ще видите. Донди, който използва Dial-in време първо и 24-Slice часовник в 1344, за да покаже времето визуално. Друга важна стъпка в развитието на часовника е наличието на махалото. Докато слушате свещеник в църквата, осъзнавайки, че вибриращата лампа на подиума е определена, "Галилео" установи, че махалото зависи от дължината, а не теглото или ширината на трептене период. "Галилео", който е близо до смъртта му, предназначени за часовник, който работи с махалото. Първото работно време махало е в 1656, 14 години след смъртта на Галилео, немски астроном Кристиан Хюйгенс направи.
Часовникът на Хюйгенс е бил по-малко от минута преди деня. Този чувствителен was пръв увеличавам до Хюйгенс ™ работа, превратим определителен член грешка към 10 втори a ден. За първи път с присъствието на махалото, часовниците и секундите бяха добавени. В средата на 1670, Хюйгенс балансиране развитие е позволило на портативни часовници да се превърне в истински Джобен часовник. Наличието на пружинния механизъм гарантира, че времето може да бъде измерено със същата точност както на сушата, така и на морето. С развитието на баланса публикуване, часовете на свиване се извършват в джоба или в ръката, първите евтини часовници джоба, произведени в САЩ, и ръчен часовник появиха в 1890. Първоначално, само часовници, че жените използват преобладават сред мъжете по време на първата световна война. Чувствителността на време единици е започнало да се поставя под въпрос с тези нови часовници, които могат да измерват времето на сушата и морето като едни и същи. Каква беше дължината на секундата? С a прост изчисление, 1/60 на определителен член втори минута, 1/60 на определителен член минута часовник, и определителен член час е един in 24, определителен член средно число Слънчев ден е един втори in 86 400. В 1820, времевите интервали са стандартизирани според тази сметка.
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