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Uppfinningen av mekanisk klocka
De första stegen mot mekanisk mätning av tid har kommit från prästerskapet. Munkarna hade att veta den exakta tiden att be. Den första mekaniska klockor gjordes attmeddela tiden, inte showen. Dessa klockor arbetade på basis av vikt, och de var utrustade med vissa tidsintervaller och vreden som drabbade Gonga. I de föregåendeårhundradena, ansträngningar för att säkerställa att de gamla tidsystem gav röst varningar inte leder till ett positivt resultat. Komplexa mekanismer producerades som anger förfluten tid genom att kasta små sten partiklar eller blåser i visselpipan.
Sun klocka, vatten klocka och timglas syftade visar tiden på olika sätt. Mekanisk klocka att uppfylla en viss mekanisk funktion i livet i klostret, att producera ljud genomen hammare och därmed ange bestämda tidsintervall. På den tiden ansågs klockor ringer klockorna. På engelska kommer ordet 'klocka' från det latinska clocca och menande bell. Ordet började dock sedan att definiera alla klockor. Mekanismen för mekaniska klockor är en komma och gå system som håller och lämnar den rep eller kedja att vikten hänger på korta intervaller och är det gemensamma kännetecknet föralla moderna klockor. Således, en kort-stående och fallande vikt sparas mekanismenklocka från att vara bunden till längd eller ont dagen. Den äldsta typen av denna mekanism är känd som 'kil'. En metall stav försedd med naglar och en horisontell-to-head rörelse med en-till-a-side spindel i varje handtag och skaft accelerationen styrs av en vikt som bifogas den yttre änden. Inredda. När vikten dras bort, svängningen accelererar och det saktar ner när det blir närmare. Det var således inledningsvis möjligt att bestämma minuter och sedan sekunder.
Utformningen av Giovanni di Dondi, en av de mest kända i mekaniska timmar, bestod av en pendel och gängade pendel redskap till mekanismen av vikt hantering och ingen ringer per timme. Systemets klocka, som inte matchar nattetid av dagtid, är14. I talet fortsatte mekaniska klockor att utföras. Första gången som delar upp dagen i lika timmar är dags för Sankt Gottard kyrkan i Milano. I mitten av talet, tornen iEuropas storstäder har börjat se mekaniska klockor och sprids alltmer. Dessatimmar, arbeta med komma och gå system, fortsatte i 300 år. Med införandet av Peter Heinlein's Watch våren i Nürnberg i 1500 's, har stora vikter gjorts möjligt för bärbara små klockor. Under de första timmarna fanns det ingen ringer, ingenscorpions, inga västar. Den låga läskunnigheten behövs för att sätta klockor på klockorna istället för människor som vill se vad de vill se. Dondi, som använder fjärråtkomst tiden först och 24-slice klockan i 1344, för att visa tiden visuellt. Ett annat viktigtsteg i utvecklingen av klockan är förekomsten av pendeln. Samtidigt lyssnar på prästen i kyrkan, inse att oscillerande lampan på pallen var fast, hittade Galileo att pendeln är beroende på längden, inte vikt eller bredd av perioden svängning. Galileo, som var nära hans död, utformat en klocka som arbetat med pendeln. Den första pendel arbetstiden var 1656, 14 år efter Galileo död, Tysk astronom Christian Huygens gjorde.
Huygens' klocka var mindre än en minut innan dagen. Denna känslighet var ökade först med Huygens' arbete, att minska felet till 10 sekunder per dag. För första gången med närvaro av pendeln tillfogades de klockor och sekunder. I mitten av-1670 möjliggjort Huygens' balanserande utveckling bärbara klockor att bli en riktig fickur. Förekomsten av våren mekanism har säkerställt att tid kan mätas med samma noggrannhet på både land och hav. Med utvecklingen av balans publikationen, timmar avkrympande genomförs i fickan eller i armen, de första billiga fickur produceras i USAoch armbandsur vuxit fram på 1890-talet. Inledningsvis är endast de klockor som kvinnor använder vanligare bland män under första världskriget. Känsligheten för tidsenheter har börjat ifrågasättas med dessa nya klockor som kan mäta tid på land ochhav som samma. Vad var längden på en sekund? Med en enkel beräkning, 1/60 av den andra timmen, 1/60 av minuten klockan och timmen är en i 24, den genomsnittliga sol dag är en sekund i 86 400. 1820 standardiserades tidsintervall enligt detta konto.
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English
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Deutsche
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български
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hrvatski
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čeština
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dansk
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Nederlands
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français
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Ελληνικά
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हिंदी
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Indonesia
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italiano
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norsk
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Polskie
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Português
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românesc
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русский
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slovenský
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español
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Український
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Melayu
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svenska
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ไทย
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Magyar
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việt
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Suomalainen
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