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Ciptaan jam mekanikal

Langkah-langkah pertama ke arah mekanikal ukuran masa telah datang daripada golongan paderi. Sami itu perlu tahu masa yang tepat untuk berdoa. Jam mekanikalpertama telah dibuat untuk mengumumkan masa, tidak menunjukkan. Jam ini bekerja berdasarkan berat badan, dan ia telah dilengkapi dengan selang masa tertentu dan tombol yang melanda Gonga. Dalam abad-abad yang lepas, usaha untuk memastikan bahawa sistem masa lama memberi amaran suara tidak mendapat hasil yang positif. Mekanisme kompleks telah dihasilkan yang menunjukkan berdasarkan keseluruhan catatan masa dengan membuang zarah-zarah batu yang kecil atau meniup wisel itu.

 

Jam matahari, jam air dan hourglass bertujuan menunjukkan masa dengan cara yang berbeza. Jam mekanikal untuk memenuhi fungsi tertentu mekanikal dalam kehidupan biara, untuk menghasilkan bunyi melalui tukul besi dan seterusnya untuk Tentukan selang masa tertentu. Pada masa itu, jam dipercayai deringan loceng. Dalam Bahasa Inggeris, perkataan 'jam' datang dari clocca dalam bahasa Latin dan bermaksud loceng. Walau bagaimanapun, perkataan kemudian mula untuk menentukan semua jam. Mekanisma untuk jam mekanikal adalah datang dan pergi skim yang memegang dan meninggalkan tali atau rantai yang berat tergantung pada jangka masa yang pendek dan ciri-ciri umum semua jam yang moden ini. Oleh itu, berat badan yang pendek bersendirian dan Susunkan disimpan mekanisme jam tangan dari terikat kepada panjang atau pendek hari. Jenis tertua mekanisme ini dikenali sebagai 'hirisan'. Rod logam dilengkapi dengan kuku dan mendatar untuk mengetuai gerakan dengan yang satu-ke-satu-side spindle hendal setiap, dan pecutan aci dikawal oleh berat yang disambung ke hujung luar. Dihiasi. Apabila berat ditarik jauhnya, oscillationdalam mempercepatkan dan ia memperlahankan apabila ia semakin dekat. Oleh itu,ia adalah pada mulanya mungkin untuk menentukan minit dan saat kemudian.

 

Reka bentuk Giovanni di Dondi, salah satu yang paling terkenal dalam jam mekanikal, yang terdiri daripada satu tekanan dan diulirkan gear tekanan kepada mekanisma pengendalian berat badan, dan tidak cepat sejam. Sistem jam ini yang tidak padan dengan waktu malam waktu siang hari, ialah 14. Pada abad ke-, jam mekanikal terusdijalankan. Pertama yang membahagikan hari sama jam adalah masa Gereja Saint Gottard di Milan. Di tengah-tengah dalam abad, Menara utama bandar raya Eropah telah mula untuk melihat jam mekanikal dan semakin merebak. Waktu-waktu bekerja dengan skim yang pergi dan datang, berterusan selama 300 tahun. Dengan pengenalan Peter Heinlein Watch Spring di Nuremberg di 1500 's itu, berat yang besar telah dibuat berkemungkinan jam kecil yang mudah alih. Pada waktu pertama, ada cepat ada, ada kala jengking, tiada jaket kalis peluru. Kadar celik huruf rendah diperlukan untuk meletakkan loceng jam dan bukannya orang yang mencari untuk melihat apa yang akan mereka lihat. Dondi, yang menggunakan dail-dalam waktu pertama dan jam 24-hirisan dalam 1344, untuk menunjukkan masa visual. Satu langkah utamadalam pembangunan jam adalah kewujudan tekanan tersebut. Manakala mendengar Imam di Gereja, menyedari bahawa lampu oscillating atas podium adalah tetap, Galileo mendapati bahawa tekanan ini adalah bergantung kepada panjang, tidak berat atau lebar tempoh oscillation. Galileo, yang dekat dengan kematian beliau, direka bentuk jam yang bekerja dengan tekanan tersebut. Pertama tekanan kerja adalah pada 1656, 14 tahun selepas kematian di Galileo, astronomi Jerman Christian Huygens pula.

 

Jam Huygens' adalah kurang dari seminit sebelum hari. Sensitiviti ini adalah mula-mula meningkat Huygens' kerja, mengurangkan ralat kepada 10 minit sehari. Buat pertama kalinya dengan kehadiran tekanan itu, jam tangan dan saat telah ditambah. Didalam pertengahan-1670, Huygens' mengimbangi pembangunan telah membolehkan mudah alih jam menjadi jam tangan poket yang sebenar. Kehadiran musim bunga mekanisma telah memastikan masa itu boleh dianggarkan dengan ketepatan yang sama di darat dan laut. Dengan perkembangan penerbitan baki, waktu mengecutsedang dijalankan di poket atau di tangan, jam tangan murah poket yang pertamadihasilkan di Amerika Syarikat dan wristwatch yang muncul dalam tahun 1890-an. Pada mulanya, hanya jam-tangan yang menggunakan wanita adalah lazim di kalangan lelaki semasa Perang Dunia I. Sensitiviti masa unit telah mula dipersoalkan denganjam tangan ini baru yang boleh mengukur masa di darat dan laut sebagai sama. Apa adalah panjang kedua? Dengan pengiraan yang mudah, 1/60 minit kedua, 1/60 jam minit dan jam adalah satu dalam 24, purata hari Suria adalah satu saat di 86 400.Pada 1820, selang masa telah diselaraskan mengikut akaun ini.

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