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Opfindelsen af mekaniske ur
De første skridt i retning af den mekaniske måling af tid er kommet fra gejstligheden. Munkene skulle kende det nøjagtige tidspunkt at bede. De første mekaniske ureblev foretaget at annoncere tid, ikke showet. Disse ure arbejder på grundlag af vægt, og de var udstyret med bestemte tidsintervaller og de knapper, der ramte Gonga. I tidligere århundreder resulterede bestræbelser på at sikre, at de gamle tid systemer gav stemme advarsler ikke i et positivt resultat. Komplekse mekanismer blevproduceret som angiver den forløbne tid ved at kaste små sten partikler eller blæserfløjte.
Sun clock, vand uret og timeglas sigtede viser tiden på forskellige måder. Mekaniskur til at opfylde en bestemt mekanisk funktion i livet i klosteret, til at producere lydgennem en hammer og dermed til at angive bestemte tidsintervaller. På tidspunktetmentes ure at ring klokker. I engelsk kommer ordet 'ur' fra det latinske clocca og betyder bell. Men ordet derefter begyndte at definere alle ure. Mekanismen for mekaniske ure er en komme og gå ordning, der holder og efterlader reb eller kæde at vægten hænger på korte intervaller og er det fælles træk ved alle moderne ure. Således,en kort-stående og faldende vægt gemt ur mekanisme fra at være bundet til længden eller fra dag. Den ældste form for denne mekanisme er kendt som 'kile'. En metalstang monteret med negle og en vandret til hoved bevægelse med en en-til-en-side spindel i hver styr, og accelerationen, aksel styres af en vægt, der er knyttet til denydre ende. Dekoreret. Når vægten er trukket væk, svingning accelererer, og det sinker når det bliver tættere. Det var således først muligt at bestemme minutter og derefter sekunder.
Design af Giovanni di Dondi, en af de mest berømte i mekanisk timer, bestod af et pendul og gevind pendul gear mekanisme af vægt håndtering og ingen ringer i timen. Tidssystem, som ikke svarer til nattetimer i dagtimerne, er 14. I tallet fortsatte demekaniske ure skal foretages. Den første gang, der deler dag i lige timer er tidspunktet for kirken Saint Gottard i Milano. I midten af århundrede, tårne af større europæiske byer er begyndt at se mekaniske ure og er mere og mere spredt. Disse timer, arbejder med komme og gå ordning, fortsatte i 300 år. Med indledning af Peter Heinlein's Watch foråret i Nürnberg i 1500 's har store vægte været gjort muligt for bærbare små ure. I de første timer var der ingen ringer, ingen skorpioner, veste. Lav literacy sats skulle sætte klokker i ure i stedet for mennesker, der søger for at se hvad deville finde. Dondi, der bruger dial-in tid først og 24-skive uret i 1344, at vise tiden visuelt. Et andet vigtigt skridt i udviklingen af uret er tilstedeværelsen af pendulet. Mens lytte til præsten i kirken, at indse, oscillerende lampen på podiet var fast, fandt Galileo, at pendulet er afhængig af længden, ikke vægt eller bredde af perioden, svingning. Galileo, der var tæt på sin død, designet et ur, der arbejdede med pendulet. Den første pendul arbejdstid var i 1656, 14 år efter Galileos død, tysk astronom Christian Huygens gjorde.
Huygens' ur var mindre end et minut før dag. Denne følsomhed blev steg først medHuygens' arbejde, reducere fejlen at 10 sekunder om dagen. For første gang med tilstedeværelsen af pendulet, blev ure og sekunder tilføjet. I midten af 1670 har Huygens' balancing udvikling aktiveret de bærbare ure til at blive en reel lommeur. Tilstedeværelsen af foråret mekanisme har sikret tid kan måles med samme nøjagtighed på både land og hav. Med udviklingen af balance publikation, timer af faldende gennemføres i lommen eller i armen, de første billige lommeure produceret i USA, og armbåndsuret opstået i i 1890 ' erne. I første omgang er kun ure, som kvinder brugerudbredt blandt mænd under første verdenskrig. Følsomheden af tidsenheder er begyndt at blive udspurgt med disse nye ure, som kan måle tid på land og hav som detsamme. Hvad var længden af et sekund? Med en simpel beregning, 1/60 af det andet minut, 1/60 af det minute ur, og timen er en i 24, den gennemsnitlige solar dag er en anden i 86 400. I 1820 blev tidsintervallerne standardiseret ifølge denne konto.
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English
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Deutsche
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dansk
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Nederlands
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Ελληνικά
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हिंदी
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Indonesia
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italiano
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norsk
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Polskie
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Português
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românesc
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русский
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slovenský
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español
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Український
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Melayu
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svenska
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ไทย
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Magyar
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việt
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Suomalainen
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