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Inventarea ceas mecanic

Primii paşi către mecanice de măsurare de timp au venit la clerului. Calugarii au trebuit să ştiu ora exactă să se roage. Prima ceasurile mecanice au fost făcute să anunţeîn timp, nu spectacolul. Aceste ceasuri au fost de lucru pe o bază de greutate, şi acestea au fost dotate cu anumite intervale de timp şi butoanele care a lovit Gonga. Însecolele anterioare, eforturile pentru a se asigura că sistemele vechi de timp a dat voce avertismente nu duce la un rezultat pozitiv. Mecanisme complexe au fost produse care indică timpul scurs de aruncare particule mici de piatră sau de suflat fluier.

 

Sun ceas, ceas apă şi clepsidra au fost vizează care arată timpul în moduri diferite. Ceas mecanic pentru a îndeplini o funcţie anumite mecanice în viaţa mănăstirii, pentru a produce sunet printr-un ciocan şi, astfel, pentru a preciza intervalele de timp specifice. La acel moment, ceasuri credea clopote inel. În limba engleză, cuvântul 'ceas'provine din latină clocca şi însemnând bell. Cu toate acestea, cuvântul a început apoi să se definească toate ceasurile. Mecanismul pentru ceasuri mecanice este un vinmerge schema care deţine şi lasă funie sau lanţ că greutatea atârnă pe intervale scurte de timp şi este caracteristică comună tuturor ceasuri moderne. Astfel, o greutate în picioare scurte şi descrescătoare salvat mecanismul de ceas la fiind legat la lungimea sau scurt de a doua zi. Tip mai vechi de acest mecanism este cunoscut sub numele de "pană". O tijă de metal montate cu cuie şi o mişcare orizontală-la-cap cu un axde-la-o parte în fiecare ghidon şi acceleraţie ax este controlată de o greutate ataşatla capătul exterior. Decorate. Atunci când greutatea este tras la distanţă, oscilației accelerează, şi încetineşte atunci când se apropie. Astfel, a fost initial poate determinaminute şi apoi secunde.

 

Design de Giovanni di Dondi, unul dintre cele mai renumite în ore mecanice, constadintr-un pendul şi filetate pendulului unelte pentru mecanismul de manipulare de greutate, şi nu cadrane pe oră. Sistemul de ceas, care nu se potriveşte cu ore de noapte de ore în timpul zilei, este de 14. În secolul, ceasurile mecanice a continuat să fieefectuate. Prima dată când împarte ziua în ore egal este în timpul Bisericii Saint Gotthard din Milano. Mijlocul secolului, turnuri de marile oraşe europene au început să vadă ceasuri mecanice si sunt tot mai răspândite. Aceste ore, lucrul cu vin şi du-te de regim, a continuat timp de 300 de ani. Odată cu introducerea de Peter Heinlein ceasprimăvară în Nürnberg în 1500 's, greutăţi mari au fost făcute posibile pentru ceasuri portabile mici. În primele ore, au existat nici cadrane, Scorpionii nici un, nici oveste. Rata de alfabetizare scăzut necesare pentru a pune clopotele în ceasurile în loc de oamenii care caută pentru a vedea ce le-ar vedea. Simion, care utilizează dial-in-timp prima şi ceas 24 felii în 1344, pentru a arăta timpul vizual. Un alt pas major în dezvoltarea ceasului este prezenţa a pendulului. În timp ce asculta preotul în biserică, dându-şi seama că lampa oscilant pe podium era fix, Galileo a constatat că pendulul este dependentă de durata, nu greutatea sau lăţimea a perioadei de oscilatie. Galileo, care a fost aproape de moartea sa, a conceput un ceas care a lucrat cu pendulul. Prima dată de pendul de lucru a fost în 1656, 14 ani după moartea lui Galileo, astronomul German Christian Huygens a făcut.

 

Huygens' ceasul a fost mai puţin de un minut înainte de a doua zi. Această sensibilitate mai întâi a fost majorat cu Huygens' de lucru, reducerea erorii la 10 de secundepe zi. Pentru prima dată cu prezenţa unui pendul, ceasuri de mână și secunde au fost adăugate. În mijlocul-1670, Huygens' dezvoltare de echilibrare a permis ceasuri portabile pentru a deveni un ceas de buzunar reale. Prezenţa de primăvară mecanisms-a asigurat că timpul poate fi măsurat cu aceeași precizie pe uscat şi pe mare. Cu dezvoltarea echilibrului, ore de scădere se desfăşoară în buzunar sau în braţ, primeleceasuri de buzunar ieftine produse în SUA, şi ceas de mână a apărut în anii 1890. Iniţial, numai ceasuri că femeile folosesc sunt predominante printre oameni în timpul primului război mondial. Sensibilitatea de unităţi de timp a început să fie interogat cuaceste ceasuri noi, care pot măsura timpul pe uscat şi pe mare ca la fel. Care a fost durata un al doilea? Cu un calcul simplu, 1/60 din al doilea minut, 1/60 din ceas minut si ora este unul din 24, în medie zi solar este o secundă în 86 400. În 1820, intervalele de timp au fost standardizate în funcţie de acest cont.

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