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Penemuan mekanis jam.
Langkah pertama menuju pengukuran mekanis waktu telah datang dari para ulama.Para biksu harus tahu waktu yang tepat untuk berdoa. Jam mekanis pertama dibuatuntuk mengumumkan waktu, tidak menunjukkan. Jam-jam bekerja secara berat, dan mereka dilengkapi dengan interval waktu tertentu dan tombol-tombol yang melanda Gonga. Pada abad-abad sebelumnya, upaya untuk memastikan bahwa sistem waktu lama memberikan suara peringatan tidak menimbulkan hasil yang positif. Mekanisme yang kompleks diproduksi yang menunjukkan waktu yang berlalu dengan melemparkan batu partikel kecil atau meniup peluit.
Sun clock, clock air dan pasir yang ditujukan untuk menampilkan waktu dalam carayang berbeda. Jam mekanis untuk memenuhi sebuah fungsi tertentu mekanis dalam kehidupan biara, untuk menghasilkan suara melalui sebuah palu dan dengan demikian untuk menentukan interval waktu tertentu. Pada waktu itu, jam diyakini berdering lonceng. Dalam bahasa Inggris, kata 'jam' berasal dari Latin clocca dan berartiBel. Namun, kata kemudian mulai untuk mendefinisikan semua jam. Mekanisme jammekanis adalah datang dan pergi skema yang memegang dan daun tali atau jaringan bahwa berat tergantung pada interval pendek dan common karakteristik semua jam modern. Pendek-berdiri dan menurun berat menyelamatkan mekanisme menonton dari tidak terikat dengan panjang atau pendek hari. Jenis tertua dari mekanisme ini dikenal sebagai 'irisan'. Batang logam dilengkapi dengan kuku dan gerakan horisontal ke kepala dengan satu-untuk-a-side gelendong di stang masing-masing, danpercepatan poros dikendalikan oleh berat yang melekat pada ujung luar. Dihiasi. Ketika berat menarik diri, osilasi mempercepat dan memperlambat ketika itu semakindekat. Dengan demikian, itu awalnya mungkin untuk menentukan yang menit dan detik kemudian.
Desain Giovanni di Dondi, salah satu yang paling terkenal dalam jam mekanis, terdiri dari bandul dan threaded pendulum gigi dengan mekanisme penanganan berat, dan tidak cepat setiap jam. Sistem jam, yang tidak sesuai jam siang hari malam, adalah 14. Pada abad, jam mekanis terus dilakukan. Pertama kalinya bahwa membagi harisama jam adalah waktu dari Gereja Saint Gottard di Milan. Pertengahan abad, menara kota besar di Eropa telah mulai melihat jam mekanis dan semakin tersebar. Jam-jam tersebut, bekerja dengan datang dan pergi skema, berlanjut selama 300 tahun.Dengan diperkenalkannya Peter Heinlein Watch Spring di Nuremberg dalam 1500 's, beban besar telah dibuat tersedia untuk portabel kecil jam. Selama jam pertama,ada tidak cepat, ada kalajengking, rompi tidak. Tingkat melek aksara yang rendah yang diperlukan untuk menempatkan lonceng di jam bukan orang-orang yang mencari untuk melihat apa yang mereka akan lihat. Dondi, yang menggunakan waktu dial-in pertama dan jam 24-slice di 1344, untuk menunjukkan waktu yang secara visual.Lain langkah besar dalam pengembangan jam adalah kehadiran pendulum. Sementara mendengarkan imam di dalam gereja, menyadari bahwa lampu berosilasi di podium tetap, Galileo menemukan bahwa pendulum tergantung pada panjang, tidak berat atau lebar periode osilasi. Galileo, yang dekat dengan kematian-Nya, merancangsebuah jam yang bekerja dengan pendulum. Bandul bekerja pertama kalinya pada 1656, 14 tahun setelah kematian Galileo, astronom Jerman Christian Huygens lakukan.
Huygens' clock adalah kurang dari satu menit sebelum hari. Ini kepekaan pertamameningkat dengan Huygens' kerja, mengurangi kesalahan untuk 10 detik sehari. Untuk pertama kalinya dengan kehadiran pendulum, jam tangan dan detik ditambahkan. Pada pertengahan tahun 1670, Huygens' menyeimbangkan pembangunan telahmemungkinkan jam portabel untuk menjadi arloji saku nyata. Kehadiran musim semi mekanisme telah memastikan waktu itu dapat diukur dengan akurasi sama di daratdan laut. Dengan perkembangan publikasi keseimbangan, jam menyusut yang sedang dilaksanakan di saku atau di lengan, arloji saku murah yang pertama diproduksidi Amerika Serikat, dan jam tangan muncul pada tahun 1890. Pada awalnya, hanyawatches yang wanita menggunakan lazim di kalangan orang selama Perang Dunia I. Sensitivitas dari unit waktu sudah mulai dipertanyakan dengan jam tangan baru yang dapat mengukur waktu di tanah dan laut sebagai yang sama. Apa adalah panjangkedua? Dengan perhitungan sederhana, 1/60 menit kedua, 1/60 menit jam dan jamadalah satu di 24, hari matahari rata-rata satu detik di 86 400. Tahun 1820, intervalwaktu yang dibakukan berdasarkan account ini.
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English
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Deutsche
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hrvatski
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dansk
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Nederlands
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français
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Ελληνικά
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हिंदी
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Indonesia
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italiano
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norsk
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Polskie
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românesc
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русский
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slovenský
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español
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Український
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Melayu
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svenska
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ไทย
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Magyar
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việt
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Suomalainen
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