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L'invenzione dell'orologio meccanico

I primi passi verso la misurazione meccanica del tempo sono venuti dal clero. I monaci dovevano conoscere l'ora esatta per pregare. I primi orologi meccanici sono stati fatti per annunciare il tempo, non lo spettacolo. Questi orologi stavano lavorando su una base di peso, ed erano dotati di alcuni intervalli di tempo e le manopole che ha colpito Gonga. Nei secoli precedenti, gli sforzi per garantire che i vecchi sistemi di tempo ha dato la voce avvertimenti non ha provocato un risultato positivo. Sono stati prodotti meccanismi complessi che indicano il tempo trascorso lanciando piccole particelle di pietra o soffiando il fischio.

 

L'orologio di Sun, l'orologio dell'acqua e la clessidra sono stati puntati su mostrare il tempo nei sensi differenti. Orologio meccanico per soddisfare una certa funzione meccanica nella vita del monastero, per produrre suono attraverso un martello e quindi per specificare intervalli di tempo specifici. A quel tempo, si credeva che le campane suonassero. In inglese, la parolà Clock'deriva dal latino clocca e significa la campana. Tuttavia, la parola poi cominciò a definire tutti gli orologi. Il meccanismo per gli orologi meccanici è un programma di andare e venire che tiene e lascia la corda o la catena che il peso appende sugli intervalli corti ed è la caratteristica comune di tutti gli orologi moderni. Così, un peso di breve durata e discendente ha conservato il meccanismo dell'orologio da essere legato alla lunghezza o a corto del giorno. Il tipo più antico di questo meccanismo è noto comé Cuneò. Un'asta metallica dotata di chiodi e un movimento orizzontale-a-testa con un mandrino uno-a-un-lato in ogni manubrio e l'accelerazione dell'albero è controllata da un peso fissato all'estremità esterna. Decorate. Quando il peso viene tirato via, l'oscillazione accelera, e rallenta quando si avvicina. Così, è stato inizialmente possibile determinare i minuti e poi secondi.

 

Il design di Giovanni di Dondi, uno dei più famosi in ore meccaniche, consisteva in un pendolo e ingranaggio a pendolo filettato al meccanismo di movimentazione del peso, e non quadranti per ora. Il sistema di clock, che non corrisponde alle ore notturne di ore diurne, è 14. Nel secolo, gli orologi meccanici hanno continuato ad essere effettuati. La prima volta che divide il giorno in ore uguali è il tempo della Chiesa di San Gottard a Milano. A metà del secolo, le torri delle grandi città europee hanno cominciato a vedere orologi meccanici e sono sempre più diffuse. Queste ore, lavorando con il regime di andare e venire, ha continuato per 300 anni. Con l'introduzione della primavera orologio di Peter Heinlein a Norimberga nel 1500, grandi pesi sono stati resi possibili per portatili piccoli orologi. Durante le prime ore, non c'erano quadranti, niente scorpioni, niente giubbotti. Il tasso basso di literacy ha dovuto mettere le flange negli orologi anziché la gente che osserva per vedere che cosa avrebbero visto. Dondi, che utilizza il dial-in primo tempo e il 24-Slice clock in 1344, per mostrare il tempo visivamente. Un altro passo importante nello sviluppo dell'orologio è la presenza del pendolo. Mentre ascoltava il sacerdote in chiesa, rendendosi conto che la lampada oscillante sul podio è stato fissato, Galileo ha scoperto che il pendolo dipende dalla lunghezza, non il peso o la larghezza del periodo di oscillazione. Galileo, che era vicino alla sua morte, ha progettato un orologio che ha lavorato con il pendolo. Il primo tempo del pendolo di funzionamento era in 1656, 14 anni dopo la morte del Galileo, astronomo tedesco Christian Huygens ha fatto.

 

L'orologio di Huygens era meno di un minuto prima del giorno. Questa sensibilità è stata aumentata per la prima volta dal lavoro di Huygens, riducendo l'errore a 10 secondi al giorno. Per la prima volta con la presenza del pendolo, gli orologi e i secondi sono stati aggiunti. Nel Mid-1670, lo sviluppo di bilanciamento Huygens'ha permesso agli orologi portatili di diventare un vero e proprio orologio da tasca. La presenza del meccanismo a molla ha assicurato che il tempo può essere misurato con la stessa esattezza sia sulla terra che sul mare. Con lo sviluppo della pubblicazione Balance, le ore di restringimento sono stati effettuati in tasca o nel braccio, i primi orologi da tasca a basso costo prodotti negli Stati Uniti, e l'orologio da polso è emerso nel 1890. Inizialmente, solo gli orologi che le donne usano sono prevalenti tra gli uomini durante la prima guerra mondiale. La sensibilità delle unità di tempo ha cominciato ad essere messa in discussione con questi nuovi orologi che possono misurare il tempo su terra e mare come lo stesso. Qual era la lunghezza di un secondo? Con un semplice calcolo, 1/60 del secondo minuto, 1/60 del minuto orologio, e l'ora è uno in 24, il giorno medio solare è un secondo in 86 400. Nel 1820, gli intervalli di tempo sono stati standardizzati secondo questo conto.

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