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L'invention de la boussole, comment fonctionne la boussole?
Partout où nous sommes dans le monde, nous pouvons toujours trouver notre chemin à travers la boussole d'une manière très facile. Même si nous étions au milieu de l'océan, il nous faudrait quelques secondes pour trouver notre chemin à travers ce dispositif simple. Aujourd'hui, la boussole a toujours été la façon la plus facile, même si il ya des dispositifs très sophistiqués tels que les satellites GPS. La boussole a une flèche magnétique qui est équilibrée et placée sur le dessus de l'aiguille de sorte qu'elle puisse se déplacer presque sans frottement. Cette flèche, grâce au magnétisme sur le champ magnétique nord de la terre (magnétisme Nord), montre toujours le Nord.
Nous pouvons penser au monde comme un grand aimant. Le champ magnétique du monde est dirigé vers un certain ordre dans le processus de formation et montre une caractéristique d'aimant. En conséquence, le pôle nord est dirigé comme S. Le pôle sud est également dirigé vers N. Les lettres N et S utilisées dans les aimants sont également inspirées par les pôles Nord et Sud.
La boussole est marquée N, au nord de la flèche, et le nord de la boussole attire le monde du Nord du principe de différents pôles se tire l'un l'autre. Afin de sentir ce coup sur la surface du monde avec un diamètre 8000mile, la flèche de boussole est extrêmement légère et n'est pas sans frottement. Sinon, il ne serait pas possible de naviguer par le champ magnétique.
Le long de l'axe entier du monde, la boussole ne fonctionne pas avec 100% de précision, certaines zones sont divergentes. Ces régions et le degré de déviation sont indiqués dans les cartes détaillées.
Une considération lors de l'utilisation de la boussole est l'absence d'objets métalliques qui peuvent être utilisés pour créer des champs magnétiques autour d'elle. Si le champ magnétique autour de la boussole a un objet qui est plus que la surface de la terre, la flèche de boussole est dirigée vers cet objet. Cela signifie aussi une mesure défectueuse.
Histoire
Les chinois ont inventé la boussole en 100 AP. j.-c. La découverte de la boussole a eu lieu du principe qu'un objet libéré serait dirigé vers le Nord dans un environnement magnétique.
En France, la première boussole a été mentionnée en 1200. Il a été suivi par l'Islande en 1207, Angleterre et 1213. La boussole avait une structure primitive. Le premier développement significatif fut Pierre de Maricourt (1269). Après avoir mis l'aiguille dans un bâton de métal, il l'a planté dans une boîte transparente et graduée.
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