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Che cos'è il motore Wankel? Come funziona?
Il motore Wankel è un motore sviluppato dall'ingegnere tedesco Felix Wankel nel 1954. Il motore in primo luogo è stato portato alla ditta di NSU a Neckarsulm in Germania in 1957. Il motore Wankel è stato assemblato per la prima volta nel veicolo di marca NSU Spider nel 1963. Nel 1967, NSU Ro 80 ha adottato il motore Wankel a doppio disco. Il NSU Ro 80 ha avuto un volume del motore di 2 × 497, 5 cm3. In 5500 d/d, 136 HP generava potenza. Il peso del motore era di 103 kg. Il rapporto di compressione era 9/1. In quegli anni diversi da NSU, la società giapponese Toyo Kogyo produsse un'auto che generava energia con il motore Wankel. Nel 1972, la società americana GM ha iniziato a utilizzare un motore Wankel 185Hp per sviluppare il motore Wankel in 5 anni, spendendo 50 milioni dollari nelle sue auto. Ancora una volta, la società americana Ford ha fatto diversi accordi per l'uso del motore Wankel nei propri veicoli. Oltre a questi, Datsun in Olanda, Rolls-Royce in Gran Bretagna e Alfa Romeo companies in Italia erano interessati al motore Wankel. Oggi, la società Mazda utilizza questo motore nel modello RX7 e RX8.
Funzionamento del motore Wankel
La struttura interna del motore di Wankel è molto più semplice di un motore normale, al contrario al pensiero. In un corpo ovale, un rotore rotante (pistone rotante) (a seconda del disegno può anche essere 2-3-4 rotore) e albero a camme (albero a camme è il lavoro dell'albero a gomito in motori a 4 tempi). 4-cilindro, 16-Valve, 2-cam nazionale è privo di complesse parti in movimento secondo un motore moderno. Il rotore è collegato all'albero principale del motore con l'ausilio di un interno e di un ingranaggio esterno. I tempi di aspirazione, compressione, lavoro e scarico si formano attorno al rotore fino a quando il motore è in funzione. La sfida più grande del motore è causata anche da questo. Dovuto l'usura molto veloce del rotore, dovrebbe essere sostituito frequentemente. In generale, i bordi del rotore in materiale polimerico non sono ancora prodotti da una sostanza difficile da indossare.
I motori Wankel stanno funzionando secondo i principi di quattro-tempo. Ogni volta che un ciclo completo del rotore, un lavoro avviene secondo il motore a quattro tempi in ogni tramoggia. L'albero a camme tornerà in tre cicli nel frattempo. Il lavoro è il seguente. Il controllo del motore è fornito attraverso il condotto nell'alloggiamento dell'involucro. Il rotore è posizionato su una camma dell'albero a camme. Il lato interno del rotore filettato del pignone, che è fissato all'interno del corpo dell'alloggiamento, è afferrato dall'ingranaggio che è aperto. Il rotore è arrotondato sull'ingranaggio pignone fisso. Crea una forza rotante sull'albero a camme durante il rotolamento. Questo movimento rotatorio dell'albero a camme viene trasmesso allo shunt. Oltre al corpo motore raffreddato ad acqua, le candele di accensione sono situate sul lato opposto dei condotti di aspirazione e scarico.
Modelli auto con motore Wankel
NSU Spider
NSU Ro-80
Mazda R-100
Mazda RX-7
Mazda RX-8
Al fine di evitare vibrazioni nelle auto con questo motore, 2 pistoni sono di solito utilizzati. Il motore a 4 tempi disegna una curva di coppia molto più liscia rispetto ai motori di tipo 4 tempi, rendendo il lavoro di aspirazione-marmellate-espansione-scarico insieme durante un singolo ciclo. Questo rende molto più flessibile in accelerazione improvvisa o sorpasso. Ma il più grande ostacolo allo sviluppo di questo motore è che c'è un sacco di usura. Il pistone è triangolare e trasmette la potenza direttamente all'albero motore, senza alcun elemento intermedio (Biel) che ruota nel corso del pistone. Nel frattempo, gli angoli del pistone del corso del pistone si rivolgono ai graffi e l'attrito aumenta man mano che la velocità aumenta. Con il suo effetto, il pistone è gravemente abrasione a causa dell'incapacità di lubrificazione ad alte velocità. Se il pistone può essere sufficientemente difficile da costruire, penso che questo motore è molto più popolare e porterà ad una nuova innovazione nel settore automobilistico.
Per esempio, la Mazda RX-8 900-pound veicolo con un 1,3 litri di volume del cilindro, che ho aggiunto qui di seguito. Il motore 1,3 litri non deve essere sottovalutato perché utilizza il motore Wankel per produrre 231Hp di potenza a 8200 rpm. E non utilizzare Turbo o sovralimentazione mentre farlo. Quindi l'aria entra nel motore atmosferico. La coppia massima del veicolo è 211nm a 5500 rpm. Al fine di ottenere questo potere con un tipo tipico di motore, vorrei stimare che un motore a cilindri da 3 litri sarebbe necessario.
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