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Apa itu enjin Wankel? Bagaimana ia berfungsi?

Enjin Wankel adalah enjin yang dibangunkan oleh jurutera Jerman, Felix Wankel pada tahun 1954. Enjin pertama dibawa ke firma NSU di Neckarsulm di Jerman pada tahun 1957. Wankel motor pertama telah dipasang di dalam labah-labah NSU jenamakenderaan pada tahun 1963. Pada tahun 1967, NSU Ro 80 pakai motor Wankel dwi-cakera. NSU Ro 80 mempunyai suatu isipadu enjin 2 × 497,5 cm3. 5500 d/d, 136 HPadalah menjana kuasa. Berat enjin itu adalah 103 kg. Nisbah mampatan adalah 9/1.Pada tahun-tahun tersebut selain daripada NSU, Syarikat Kogyo Toyo Jepun menghasilkan kereta janaan kuasa dengan enjin Wankel. Pada tahun 1972, Syarikat GM Amerika mula menggunakan 185hp enjin Wankel untuk membangunkan enjin Wankel5 tahun dengan perbelanjaan 50 juta dolar dalam kereta. Sekali lagi, Amerika Syarikat Ford telah membuat beberapa perjanjian untuk kegunaan enjin Wankel dalam kenderaan sendiri. Selain daripada ini, Datsun di Holland, Rolls-Royce di syarikat-syarikat Britain dan Alfa Romeo di Itali telah berminat untuk enjin Wankel. Pada masa kini, Syarikat Mazda menggunakan enjin ini dalam model RX7 dan RX8.

 

Operasi Wankel Motor

Struktur dalaman Motor Wankel adalah lebih mudah daripada enjin biasa, bertentangan dengan pemikiran. Dalam sebuah badan bujur, rotor berputar (rotary omboh)(bergantung kepada Reka bentuk juga boleh menjadi 2-3-4 rotor) dan sesondol atas (sesondol atas adalah kerja crankshaft dalam 4 lejang motor). 4 silinder, 16 injap, 2-cam negara kekurangan kompleks bahagian yang bergerak mengikut enjin moden.Rotor yang melekat pada batang utama motor dengan bantuan dalaman yang dangear yang luar. Sedut, mampatan, kerja dan ekzos dibentuk sekitar rotor ini selagi Motor sedang berjalan. Cabaran terbesar enjin juga disebabkan oleh ini. Oleh keranamemakai rotor yang sangat cepat, ia harus diganti kerap. Secara umumnya, tepi rotor yang diperbuat daripada bahan polymeric tidak lagi dihasilkan oleh bahan sukaruntuk dipakai.

 

Motor Wankel bekerja menurut prinsip-prinsip empat kali. Setiap kali kitaran penuhrotor ini, pekerjaan yang berlaku menurut enjin empat lejang dalam setiap harimau betina. Sesondol atas itu akan kembali pada tiga kitaran pada masa yang sama. Kerja-kerja adalah seperti berikut. Kawalan motor yang dibekalkan melalui saluran perumahan kepungan. Rotor yang berada dalam kedudukan pada satu cam sesondol atas itu. Bahagian dalam rotor yang panjang pinion, yang adalah bercagar dalam tubuh perumahan, dipertahankan oleh gear yang dibuka. Rotor yang bulat pada gear pinion tetap. Mencipta satu pasukan berputar pada sesondol atas yang apabila menggulung. Ini pergerakan putaran sesondol atas yang dihantar kepada shunt ini. Sebagai tambahan kepada badan sejukan air, palam pencucuh pencucuhan berada di sebelah bertentangan dengan sedutan dan salur ekzos.

 

Model-model kereta yang menggunakan Wankel motor

 

Labah-labah NSU

NSU Ro-80

Mazda R-100

Mazda RX-7

Mazda RX-8

 

Untuk mengelakkan getaran dalam kereta yang menggunakan enjin ini, piston 2 biasanya digunakan. Enjin 4 lejang Lukis yang banyak curve tork lancar berbanding Motor 4 lejang jenis, membuat kerja-kerja sedutan-jem-pengembangan-ekzos bersama-sama semasa kitaran tunggal. Ini menjadikan ia lebih fleksibel dalam pecutan secara tiba-tiba atau memotong. Tetapi halangan terbesar untuk pembangunan enjin iniadalah bahawa terdapat banyak pakai. Omboh adalah Segitiga dan menghantar kuasa terus crankshaft, tanpa sebarang perantaraan elemen (Biel) berputar dalam urusan omboh. Dalam pada itu, sudut-sudut omboh kursus omboh akan bertukar menjadi calar dalam dan geseran meningkat kerana kelajuan yang meningkat. Dengan kesannya, omboh adalah teruk lelasan disebabkan oleh ketidakupayaan untuk pelinciranpada kelajuan tinggi. Jika omboh adalah cukup sukar untuk membina, saya pikir enjin ini adalah jauh lebih popular dan akan membawa kepada satu kejayaan baru dalam automotif.

 

Sebagai contoh, kenderaan Mazda RX-8 900 paun dengan isipadu silinder 1.3 liter, yang saya menambah di bawah. Motor 1.3 liter tidak dapat diremehkan kerana ianyamenggunakan enjin Wankel melahirkan 231hp kuasa pada 8200 rpm. Dan tidak tidak menggunakan turbo atau pengecas lampau semasa berbuat demikian. Jadi udaramemasuki enjin atmosfera. Tork maksimum kenderaan adalah 211nm pada 5500 rpm. Untuk mencapai kuasa ini dengan jenis biasa motor, saya akan menganggarkanbahawa enjin 3 liter silinder akan diperlukan.

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