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Chi è Galileo Galilei?

Galileo Galilei (1564 – 1642), scienziato italiano, co-fondatore della fisica moderna e astronomo del telescopio. Nacque a Pisa, in Italia nel 1564. Galilei, figlio di Vincenzo Galilei, musicista di spicco del periodo, ha preso la sua prima educazione a Firenze. Nel 1581, studiò medicina all'Università di Pisa, ma lasciò la scuola per mancanza di denaro. Galilei, che si è interessato alla matematica dal 1583, ha ottenuto una cattedra a 1589 a Pisa per i suoi studi sulla matematica.

 

Credendo che il pendolo, i corpi galleggianti e il movimento debbano essere considerati matematicamente in modo diverso rispetto alla fisica di Aristotele, Galilei ha chiaramente dimostrato l'errore di Aristotele abbassando il peso della Torre Pisana. Questo comportamento ha condotto ad un disaccordo con i vecchi professori. Lasciò Pisa nel 1592, e venne al dipartimento di matematica dell'Università di Padova.

 

Galileo ha pubblicato commercialmente la bussola, che è molto utile in pratica nel 1597. Poco dopo l'anno 1600, un termometro primitivo scoprì le leggi matematiche di un pendolo e la caduta libera nel 1604 per essere utilizzato nella misura del battito cardiaco umano. Ma il concetto di corretto movimento di accelerazione era sbagliato. Nel 1609, imparò che il telescopio fu inventato in Olanda. Ha usato un ulteriore strumento per farlo in osservazioni astronomiche. 1610 ′ nella luna, le montagne, ammassi stellari e la Via Lattea sul primo identificato. Nel frattempo, ha riferito l'esistenza di quattro lune di Giove. Questo libro ha suscitato molto interesse e ne ha fatto un matematico di Palazzo a Firenze. Poco dopo, il pianeta Venere discusse il sistema di Tolomeo (Batlamyus) in astronomia, dando informazioni sui circuiti e la forma di Saturno.

 

Si recò a Roma nel 1611 e fu eletto membro dell'Accademia di scienze. Al suo ritorno a Firenze, pubblicò il suo libro sull'idrostatica, che portò all'appello di molti professori e scrisse sulle macchie solari nel 1613. In questo lavoro, ha apertamente difeso il sistema Copernico. Pertanto, i sacerdoti hanno subito un pesante attacco. Nel 1615, egli stesso andò a Roma e difese la sua affermazione. Tuttavia, nel 1616, una Commissione è stata istituita dal Papa quinto Paolo per esaminare i suoi libri. Questa Commissione non ha vietato i libri di Galileo. Voleva solo rinunciare all'affermazione che il mondo è tornato.

 

Galilei, per un po', si rivolse alla direzione pratica della scienza, sviluppò il microscopio. Nel 1618, tuttavia, entrò nel dibattito con la Chiesa, con tre comete viste. Ha pubblicato il suo lavoro "discorsi su due universi sistema", che ha scritto con coraggio dall'elezione di Papa come l'ottava urbano del suo amico. Tuttavia, è stato chiamato alla Corte a Roma, malgrado le voci che aveva contraddetto il libro più presto. Nel 1633, questo libro fu bandito e fu condannato all'ergastolo. Gli occhi di Galilei, imprigionati all'età di 70 anni, furono accecati e morirono nel 1642 in carcere.

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