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Galileo Galilei là ai?

Galileo Galilei (1564-1642), nhà khoa học ý, đồng sáng lập của nhà thiên văn vật lýhiện đại và kính thiên văn. Ông sinh ra ở Pisa, Italia năm 1564. Galilei, con của Vincenzo Galilei, một nhạc sĩ nổi tiếng thời kỳ đã giáo dục đầu tiên của mình tại Florence.Vào năm 1581, ông theo học y khoa tại Đại học Pisa, nhưng các trường học trái vì thiếu tiền. Galilei, người đã quan tâm đến toán học từ 1583, thu được một giáo sư tại 1589 ở Pisa cho nghiên cứu về toán học.

 

Tin tưởng rằng con lắc, nổi các cơ quan và các phong trào cần được xem xét về mặt toán học một cách khác nhau hơn so với vật lý của Aristotle, Galilei đã chứng minh rõ ràng của Aristotle sai lầm bằng cách giảm cân từ tháp Pisa. Hành vi này đã dẫn đến sự bất đồng với giáo sư cũ. Ông rời Pisa năm 1592, và đã đến bộ môn toán của trường đại học Padova.

 

Galileo đã phát hành thương mại La bàn là rất hữu ích trong thực tế năm 1597. Không lâu sau năm 1600, nhiệt kế nguyên thủy phát hiện luật toán học của một quả lắcvà rơi tự do năm 1604 được sử dụng trong các phép đo nhịp tim của con người. Nhưng khái niệm đúng gia tốc chuyển động sai. Năm 1609, ông đã học được rằng cáckính viễn vọng được phát minh ở Hà Lan. Ông đã sử dụng một công cụ tiếp tục làm điều đó trong những quan sát thiên văn học. 1610 ′ ở mặt trăng, núi, cụm sao và dảiNgân Hà ngày đầu tiên được xác định. Trong khi đó, ông đã báo cáo sự tồn tại củabốn vệ tinh của sao Mộc. Cuốn sách này đã làm dấy lên nhiều quan tâm và làm chonó một nhà toán học palace ở Firenze. Ngay sau đó, hành tinh Venus thảo luận hệ Ptolemy (Batlamyus), thiên văn học, trong khi đưa ra các thông tin về các mạch và hình dạng của sao Thổ.

 

Ông đã đi đến Rome năm 1611 và được bầu làm một thành viên của các Viện Hàn lâm khoa học đó. Quay trở lại Florence, ông xuất bản cuốn sách của ông về thủy tĩnh học, mà đã dẫn đến sự hấp dẫn của nhiều giáo sư và đã viết về các đốm mặt trờinăm 1613. Trong tác phẩm này, ông công khai bảo vệ hệ thống Copernicic. Do đó,các linh mục phải chịu một cuộc tấn công hạng nặng. Năm 1615, ông đã tự mình điđến Rome và bảo vệ yêu cầu bồi thường của mình. Tuy nhiên, vào năm 1616, một ủy ban được thành lập của giáo hoàng Phaolô thứ năm để kiểm tra cuốn sách của ông. Ủy ban này không cấm Galileo của cuốn sách. Ông chỉ muốn từ bỏ yêu cầu bồi thường trên thế giới đã trở lại.

 

Galilei, một thời gian, chuyển hướng thực tế của khoa học, phát triển kính hiển vi. Năm 1618, Tuy nhiên, ông vào các cuộc tranh luận với các nhà thờ, với ba sao chổi bịnhìn thấy. Ông đã xuất bản tác phẩm "Bài phát biểu trên hệ thống hai vũ trụ", mà ông đã viết với lòng can đảm từ cuộc bầu cử của Đức Giáo hoàng là đô thị thứ tám của bạn. Tuy nhiên, ông được gọi đến tòa án tại Rome, mặc dù có tin đồn rằng ôngđã có mâu thuẫn cuốn sách trước đó. Năm 1633, cuốn sách này đã bị cấm và ông bịkết án tù chung thân. Đôi mắt của Galilei, bị giam cầm ở tuổi bảy mươi, bị mù và qua đời năm 1642 ở trong tù.

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