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Quem é Galileu Galilei?

Galileu Galilei (1564 – 1642), cientista italiano, co-fundador da física moderna e astrônomo do telescópio. Ele nasceu em Pisa, Itália em 1564. Galilei, filho de Vincenzo Galilei, um proeminente músico do período, teve sua primeira educação em Florença. Em 1581, ele estudou medicina na Universidade de Pisa, mas deixou a escola por falta de dinheiro. Galilei, que tem se interessado em matemática desde 1583, obteve um Professorship em 1589 em Pisa para seus estudos sobre matemática.

 

Acreditando que o pêndulo, corpos flutuantes, eo movimento deve ser considerado matematicamente de uma forma diferente do que a física de Aristóteles, Galilei demonstrou claramente o erro de Aristóteles, diminuindo o peso da torre de Pisa. Este comportamento levou a um desacordo com os antigos professores. Ele deixou pisa em 1592, e veio para o departamento de matemática da Universidade de Padova.

 

Galileu lançou comercialmente a bússola, que é muito útil na prática em 1597. Pouco depois do ano 1600, um termômetro primitivo descobriu as leis matemáticas de um pêndulo e queda livre em 1604 para ser usado na medição do batimento cardíaco humano. Mas o conceito de movimento de aceleração correta estava errado. Em 1609, ele soube que o telescópio foi inventado na Holanda. Ele usou uma ferramenta adicional para fazê-lo em observações astronomia. 1610 ′ na lua, as montanhas, aglomerados da estrela e a maneira leitosa no primeiro identificado. Enquanto isso, ele relatou a existência de quatro luas de Júpiter. Este livro tem despertado muito interesse e tornou-o um matemático do palácio em Florença. Pouco tempo depois, o planeta Venus discutiu o Ptolomeu (Batlamyus) sistema de astronomia, enquanto dava informações sobre o circuito e forma de Saturno.

 

Ele foi para Roma em 1611 e foi eleito membro da Academia de Ciências lá. Em seu retorno a Florença, ele publicou seu livro sobre hidrostáticas, o que levou ao apelo de muitos professores e escreveu sobre os pontos de sol em 1613. Neste trabalho, ele defendeu abertamente o sistema Copernicic. Portanto, os sacerdotes sofreram um ataque pesado. Em 1615, ele mesmo foi a Roma e defendeu sua reivindicação. No entanto, em 1616, uma Comissão foi estabelecida pelo quinto Paulo do Papa para examinar seus livros. Esta Comissão não baniu os livros de Galileu. Ele só queria desistir da afirmação de que o mundo voltou.

 

Galilei, por um tempo, virou-se para a direção prática da ciência, desenvolveu o microscópio. Em 1618, no entanto, ele entrou no debate com a igreja, com três cometas sendo visto. Ele publicou seu trabalho "discursos sobre dois universos sistema", que ele escreveu com coragem da eleição do Papa como o oitavo urbano de seu amigo. No entanto, ele foi chamado a tribunal em Roma, apesar de rumores de que ele havia contrariado o livro anterior. Em 1633, este livro foi banido e ele foi sentenciado à prisão perpétua. Os olhos de Galilei, aprisionados com a idade de 70, foram cegos e morreram em 1642 na prisão.

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