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Bagaimana susu menjadi yogurt?
Popularitas yogurt di dunia semakin meningkat. Jenis yogurt tegang, yang disebut yogurt Yunani, telah menjadi industri dengan miliaran dolar saat ini. Ada banyak artikel tentang seberapa sehat yogurt karena bakteri menguntungkan yang dikandungnya.
Membuat yoghurt di rumah sangat mudah. Jumlah mereka yang berbagi yogurt buatan sendiri di internet dan di bawah mikroskop dan memeriksa proses pembuatan proses kimia dalam produksi yogurt sama sekali tidak rendah.
Fakta bahwa produksi yogurt dikendalikan adalah proses pemotongan susu. Jadi Anda memaksakan ASI untuk pecah dengan cara tertentu. Dalam pembuatan yogurt komersial, kocok susu dalam alat serupa mesin cuci untuk menjaga konsistensi yang benar. Proses ini mengubah struktur mikroskopis susu dengan membagi gulungan lemak besar dalam susu menjadi potongan-potongan kecil. Setiap lapisan menutupi lapisan protein susu. Jadi, ketika susu mulai dipotong, protein-protein ini saling menempel untuk memastikan bahwa lemak didistribusikan secara merata dalam yogurt dan dalam konsistensi yang baik.
Derajat dan durasi pemanasan
Kemudian pengaturan panas meningkat dan bakteri berbahaya terbunuh dalam susu. Pemanasan juga memulai proses pengaturan struktur jaringan molekul dengan melarutkan protein.
Derajat dan lamanya pemanasan susu menentukan rasa yogurt. Dalam produksi yogurt komersial, susu biasanya dipanaskan pada 85 derajat selama 30 menit atau 90-95 derajat selama 5 menit. Menurut sebuah perusahaan yang mengembangkan alat listrik untuk yogurt buatan sendiri, yogurt yang dibuat dengan susu yang dipanaskan hingga kurang dari 76 derajat membawa rasa yang ceroboh dan sedikit asam, sedangkan susu yang dipegang selama 10 menit pada 90 derajat lebih sulit dan kurang asam.
Ketika susu yang dipanaskan disimpan pada suhu tubuh (37 derajat), bagian utama dari produksi yogurt dilewatkan ke proses fermentasi. Pada suhu ini, dua bakteri paling umum dalam yogurt, lactobacillus bulgaricus dan Streptococcus thermophilus mulai tumbuh. Mereka menggandakan gula dalam susu, yaitu, mengambil laktosa dan mengubahnya menjadi asam laktat. Saat asam dalam susu meningkat, tingkat pH menurun.
Apa yang terjadi ketika asam naik?
Protein susu mengenali perubahan ini. Hingga saat ini, protein tersebut melekat pada kelompok di sekitar lapisan lemak atau dalam kelompok yang distabilkan oleh garam kalsium fosfat. Namun, dengan penurunan keseimbangan pH, garam ini larut dan rumpun protein mulai larut. Protein yang dilepaskan membentuk jaringan dengan menempel bersama. Rol air dan oli terpasang ke jaringan ini. Susu sekarang telah berubah menjadi yogurt.
Ketika proses fermentasi terganggu oleh pengulungan, produk dalam bentuk gel. Yoghurt yang saring diperoleh dengan melewati tahap ekstra. Di sini yogurt dicampur, air, gula, dan protein terurai. Dengan demikian, konsistensi yang lebih lembut diperoleh. Namun, banyak hal, mulai dari pemanasan susu hingga jumlah protein yang dikandungnya dan tanpa mempengaruhinya, bertindak berdasarkan konsistensi akhir.
Produsen yogurt dan ilmuwan makanan telah mempelajari dan mencoba berbagai bentuk konsistensi sejauh ini. Berbagai instrumen digunakan untuk melakukan pengukuran ini.
Dalam proses produksi, dimungkinkan untuk melihat kelompok protein dalam mikroskop yang digunakan untuk memeriksa struktur yogurt, bakteri yang melekat pada jaringan, butiran lemak dan unsur-unsur lain dalam struktur kimia sensitif yang membuat yogurt dengan bantuan fluoresensi.
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Indonesia
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Melayu
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svenska
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ไทย
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Magyar
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việt
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Suomalainen
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