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Como o leite se torna iogurte?
A popularidade do iogurte no mundo está aumentando. O tipo de iogurte, chamado iogurte grego, tornou-se uma indústria com bilhões de dólares hoje. Existem muitos artigos sobre como o iogurte saudável é por causa das bactérias benéficas que ele contém.
Fazer iogurte em casa é muito fácil. O número de pessoas que compartilham seu iogurte caseiro na internet e sob um microscópio e examinam o processo de fazer um processo químico na produção de iogurte não é nada baixo.
O fato de a produção de iogurte ser controlada é um processo de corte de leite. Então você força o leite a quebrar de uma certa maneira. Na fabricação de iogurte comercial, agite o leite em uma máquina de lavar semelhante ferramenta para manter a consistência correta. Este processo altera a estrutura microscópica do leite dividindo os grandes pedaços de gordura no leite em pequenos pedaços. Cada camada cobre uma camada de proteínas do leite. Assim, quando o leite começa a ser cortado, essas proteínas aderem umas às outras para garantir que a gordura seja distribuída uniformemente no iogurte e esteja em boa consistência.
Grau de aquecimento e duração
Em seguida, o calor é aumentado e as bactérias nocivas são mortas no leite. O aquecimento também inicia o processo de configuração da estrutura da rede molecular dissolvendo as proteínas.
O grau e a duração do aquecimento do leite determinam o sabor do iogurte. Na produção comercial de iogurte, o leite é geralmente aquecido a 85 graus por 30 minutos ou 90-95 graus por 5 minutos. De acordo com uma empresa que desenvolve um eletrodoméstico para iogurte caseiro, o iogurte feito com leite aquecido a menos de 30 graus traz um sabor superficial e levemente amargo, enquanto o leite que é mantido por 10 minutos a 90 graus é mais duro e menos azedo.
Quando o leite aquecido é mantido à temperatura do corpo (37 graus), a parte principal da produção de iogurte é passada para o processo de fermentação. A esta temperatura, duas das bactérias mais comuns no iogurte, lactobacillus bulgaricus e Streptococcus thermophilus começam a crescer. Eles multiplicam o açúcar no leite, isto é, tomam a lactose e a convertem em ácido lático. À medida que o ácido no leite aumenta, o nível de pH diminui.
O que acontece quando o ácido aumenta?
As proteínas do leite reconhecem essa mudança. Até o momento, as proteínas são aderidas a aglomerados em torno dos leitos de gordura ou em aglomerados estabilizados pelo sal de fosfato de cálcio. No entanto, com a diminuição do equilíbrio do pH, este sal se dissolve e os aglomerados de proteínas começam a se dissolver. As proteínas liberadas formam uma rede ao se unirem. Rolos de água e óleo estão ligados a esta rede. O leite agora se transformou em iogurte.
Quando o processo de fermentação é interrompido por amassamento, o produto está em forma de gel. O iogurte coado é obtido passando-se um estágio extra. Aqui o iogurte é misturado, a água, o açúcar e as proteínas são decompostos. Assim, uma consistência mais cremosa é obtida. No entanto, muitas coisas, desde o aquecimento do leite até a quantidade de proteína que contém e sem influenciá-lo, atuam na consistência final.
Produtores de iogurte e cientistas de alimentos estudaram e experimentaram muitas formas de consistência até o momento. Vários instrumentos são usados para fazer essas medições.
No processo de produção, é possível ver os aglomerados de proteínas nos microscópios usados para examinar de perto a estrutura do iogurte, as bactérias que estão ligadas às teias, os grãos gordurosos e os outros elementos na estrutura química sensível que produz o iogurte. com a ajuda da fluorescência.
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