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Come fa il latte a diventare yogurt?
La popolarità dello yogurt nel mondo sta aumentando. Il tipo di yogurt teso, chiamato yogurt greco, è diventato un'industria con miliardi di dollari oggi. Ci sono molti articoli su come lo yogurt sano sia dovuto ai batteri benefici che contiene.
Fare lo yogurt a casa è molto semplice. Il numero di coloro che condividono il loro yogurt fatto in casa su Internet e sotto un microscopio ed esaminano il processo di produzione di un processo chimico nella produzione di yogurt non è affatto basso.
Il fatto che la produzione di yogurt sia controllata è un processo di taglio del latte. Quindi costringi il latte a rompere in un certo modo. Nel fare yogurt commerciale, agitare il latte in uno strumento simile alla lavatrice per mantenere la giusta consistenza. Questo processo cambia la struttura microscopica del latte dividendo i grandi rotoli di grasso nel latte in piccoli pezzi. Ogni strato copre uno strato di proteine del latte. Così, quando il latte inizia a essere tagliato, queste proteine aderiscono l'una all'altra per garantire che il grasso sia uniformemente distribuito nello yogurt e di essere in buona consistenza.
Grado di riscaldamento e durata
Quindi l'impostazione del calore aumenta e i batteri dannosi vengono uccisi nel latte. Il riscaldamento inizia anche il processo di impostazione della struttura della rete molecolare sciogliendo le proteine.
Il grado e la durata del riscaldamento del latte determinano il gusto dello yogurt. Nella produzione di yogurt commerciale, il latte viene solitamente riscaldato a 85 gradi per 30 minuti oa 90-95 gradi per 5 minuti. Secondo una società che sviluppa un apparecchio elettrico per lo yogurt fatto in casa, lo yogurt fatto con latte scaldato a meno di 76 gradi porta un sapore sciatto e leggermente aspro, mentre il latte che viene tenuto per 10 minuti a 90 gradi è più duro e meno acido.
Quando il latte riscaldato viene mantenuto alla temperatura del corpo (37 gradi), la parte principale della produzione di yogurt passa al processo di fermentazione. A questa temperatura, due dei batteri più comuni nello yogurt, il lactobacillus bulgaricus e lo Streptococcus thermophilus iniziano a crescere. Moltiplicano lo zucchero nel latte, cioè prendono il lattosio e lo convertono in acido lattico. Man mano che l'acido nel latte aumenta, il livello del pH diminuisce.
Cosa succede quando l'acido si alza?
Le proteine del latte riconoscono questo cambiamento. Ad oggi, le proteine sono aderite ai grappoli intorno ai letti di grasso o in gruppi stabilizzati dal sale di fosfato di calcio. Tuttavia, con la diminuzione dell'equilibrio del pH, questo sale si dissolve e le particelle proteiche iniziano a dissolversi. Le proteine rilasciate formano una rete aggrappandosi. I rulli dell'acqua e dell'olio sono collegati a questa rete. Il latte è ora trasformato in yogurt.
Quando il processo di fermentazione viene interrotto impastando, il prodotto è sotto forma di gel. Lo yogurt sforzato si ottiene passando uno stadio supplementare. Qui lo yogurt è mescolato, acqua, zucchero e proteine sono decomposti. Quindi, si ottiene una consistenza più cremosa. Tuttavia, molte cose, dal riscaldamento del latte alla quantità di proteine che contiene e senza influenzarlo, agiscono sulla consistenza finale.
I produttori di yogurt e gli esperti di scienze alimentari hanno studiato e provato molte forme di coerenza finora. Vari strumenti sono usati per fare queste misurazioni.
Nel processo di produzione, è possibile vedere i gruppi di proteine nei microscopi utilizzati per esaminare da vicino la struttura dello yogurt, i batteri che sono attaccati alle reti, i grani grassi e gli altri elementi nella struttura chimica sensibile che fa lo yogurt con l'aiuto della fluorescenza.
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Indonesia
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Український
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Melayu
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svenska
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ไทย
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việt
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Suomalainen
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