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Cum devine lapte iaurtul?
Popularitatea iaurtului din lume crește. Tipul de iaurt taiat, numit iaurt grecesc, a devenit astazi o industrie cu miliarde de dolari. Există multe articole despre cum iaurtul sănătos se datorează bacteriilor benefice pe care le conține.
Efectuarea iaurtului acasă este foarte ușoară. Numărul celor care împart iaurtul lor de casă pe internet și sub microscop și examinează procesul de realizare a unui proces chimic în producția de iaurt nu este deloc scăzut.
Faptul că producția de iaurt este controlată este un proces de tăiere a laptelui. Așa că îi forțezi laptele să se spargă într-un anumit fel. În procesul de fabricare a iaurtului, agitați laptele într-o mașină similară pentru a menține coerența corectă. Acest proces modifică structura microscopică a laptelui prin împărțirea în bucăți a cilindrilor mari de grăsimi din lapte. Fiecare strat acoperă un strat de proteine din lapte. Astfel, atunci când laptele începe să fie tăiat, aceste proteine aderă unul la celălalt pentru a se asigura că grăsimea este distribuită uniform în iaurt și că este în consistență bună.
Gradul și durata încălzirii
Apoi, setarea de căldură este mărită și bacteriile dăunătoare sunt ucise în lapte. Încălzirea începe, de asemenea, procesul de instalare a structurii rețelei moleculare prin dizolvarea proteinelor.
Gradul și durata încălzirii laptelui determină gustul iaurtului. În producția de iaurt comercial, laptele este de obicei încălzit la 85 de grade timp de 30 de minute sau 90-95 grade timp de 5 minute. Potrivit unei companii care dezvoltă un aparat electric pentru iaurt de casă, iaurtul făcut cu lapte încălzit la mai puțin de 76 de grade are un gust neplăcut și ușor acru, în timp ce laptele care este menținut timp de 10 minute la 90 de grade este mai greu și mai puțin acru.
Când laptele încălzit este menținut la temperatura corpului (37 de grade), partea principală a producției de iaurt este trecută în procesul de fermentare. La această temperatură, două dintre cele mai frecvente bacterii din iaurt, lactobacillus bulgaricus și Streptococcus thermophilus încep să crească. Ei înmulțesc zahărul în lapte, adică ia lactoza și îl transformă în acid lactic. Pe măsură ce acidul din lapte crește, nivelul pH-ului scade.
Ce se întâmplă atunci când crește acidul?
Proteinele din lapte recunosc această schimbare. Până în prezent, proteinele sunt aderente la grupuri în jurul paturilor de grăsime sau în grupuri stabilizate de sarea fosfat de calciu. Cu toate acestea, odată cu scăderea echilibrului pH-ului, această sare se dizolvă, iar aglomerările de proteine încep să se dizolve. Proteinele eliberate formează o rețea prin lipirea împreună. Rolele de apă și ulei sunt atașate la această rețea. Laptele a devenit acum iaurt.
Când procesul de fermentație este întrerupt prin frământare, produsul este sub formă de gel. Iaurtul tăiat este obținut trecând o etapă suplimentară. Aici, iaurtul este amestecat, apa, zahărul și proteinele sunt descompuse. Astfel, se obține o consistență mai cremoasă. Totuși, multe lucruri, de la încălzirea laptelui până la cantitatea de proteine pe care o conține și fără a-l influența, acționează asupra consistenței finale.
Producătorii de iaurt și oamenii de știință din domeniul alimentar au studiat și au încercat multe forme de consistență până acum. Sunt utilizate diferite instrumente pentru a efectua aceste măsurători.
În procesul de producție, este posibil să se vadă clusterele de proteine din microscoapele utilizate pentru a examina atent structura iaurtului, bacteriile care sunt atașate la țesături, grăsimile grase și celelalte elemente din structura chimică sensibilă care face iaurtul cu ajutorul fluorescenței.
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svenska
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việt
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Suomalainen
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