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Hovercraft: Kendaraan tanpa batas

Salah satu desain yang paling menarik dalam transfer teknologi, hovercraft adalah kandidat untuk masa depan. Mengambang di atas tanah, Mesin ini luar biasa, terbang di tanah dan di laut, karena kemampuan untuk mencapai sudut terjauh dunia tanpa batas geografis.

 

Prinsip kerja hovercraft adalah bahwa kendaraan bergerak pada airbag. Udara yang lebih tinggi daripada tekanan udara Normal disemprotkan terhadap basis oleh motor dan kendaraan dipotong ke tanah. Jadi kendaraan bergerak sedikit di atas tanah.Selain gerakan vertikal, gerakan maju kendaraan yang diberikan oleh baling-balingmotor posisi tegak lurus ke lantai. Manuver juga kembali di sekitar poros sendiri dan disediakan dengan sayap di sisi belakang kendaraan. Bagian bawah dilapisi dengan bahan fleksibel yang disebut rok. Dengan cara ini, airbag disimpan di beberapa titik dan melarikan diri udara dicegah.

 

Ide hovercraft pertama dibentuk oleh ilmuwan Swedia Emanuel Swendenborg pada1700-an. Swendenborg mengklaim bahwa kendaraan bisa tetap di atas air jika udara telah cukup menekan di bawah perahu yang terbalik. Tapi teknologi tingkat tempoh sangat terbelakang dalam pelaksanaan proyek ini. Studi lebih serius dilakukan oleh insinyur Inggris Sir John Ishak Thornycraft pada 1870-an. Hal ini diketahui bahwainsinyur Inggris telah melakukan beberapa eksperimen dan dipatenkan ide. Meskipun banyak ilmuwan yang berbeda membuat berbagai desain, tidak satupun dari mereka berhasil cukup untuk membuktikan teori. Tapi penemu Inggris Christoper ditambatkan menemukan sukses prototipe pertama pada 1950-an, memecahkan semuamasalah desain. Karena prestasi ini, ditambatkan, yang dianugerahi gelar "Sir", jugaadalah hovercraftin sukses pertama diberi SR-N1 pada tahun 1959.

 

Hari ini, kita melihat bahwa hovercraft penumpang SR-N4 raksasa dari single-seaterkendaraan yang diproduksi untuk berbagai macam hovercraft. Sejak 1970-an, SR-N4 telah menjadi salah satu kendaraan yang paling disukai di Prancis-UK perjalanan,dengan sangat cepat penyeberangan laut. Kendaraan besar ini dapat dengan mudah mencapai kecepatan hingga 90-100 kilometer per jam sambil membawa 450 penumpang dan kendaraan 65 nyaman.

 

Kendaraan ini, yang juga digunakan di daerah militer, sangat nyaman untuk digunakan untuk tujuan ekstraksi, begitu banyak negara mengambil posisi yang aktif di angkatan laut. Kendaraan ini, yang tidak terpengaruh oleh laut dan ranjau darat, secara aktif terlibat dalam Perang Teluk, karena mereka tidak menyentuh lantai.

 

Keuntungan utama dari Hovercraftin adalah bahwa ini cepat, tetapi itu tidak memerlukan jalan atau pelabuhan. Konsumsi bahan bakar sangat rendah karena tidak terkena gesekan kekuatan.

 

Di awal 1960-an, diperkirakan bahwa hovercraft cepat dapat dimanfaatkan dalam laut, pasir atau area tertutup es. Tapi dalam waktu singkat, masalah menyadari; Bagian-bagian yang sering dan manuver efek air asin menyebabkan kendaraan ini tidak akan persis apa yang diharapkan. Tetapi berkat perkembangan teknologi, desain ini akan menjadi lebih ditingkatkan.

 

Sekarang itu dimungkinkan untuk mengatakan bahwa overcraft akan memiliki tempat yang unik dalam transportasi jika mereka dimurnikan dari kelemahan mereka dandikembangkan di daerah-daerah yang mana sangat baik.

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