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Svävare: Fordonet utan gränser
En av de mest intressanta mönsterna i transport teknik, svävare är en kandidat för framtiden. Svävar ovanför det slipat, denna extraordinära maskin, flyger på land och på havet, på grund av möjligheten att nå de mest avlägsna hörn av världen med ingageografiska gränser.
Den arbetande principen av svävare är att fordonet rör sig på en luftkudde. Högre tryckluft än normalt lufttryck sprutas mot basen av motorerna och fordonet skärs tillmarken. Så fordonet rör sig något över marken. Förutom de vertikala rörelsen tillhandahålls fordonets förflyttning framåt av propeller motorer placerade vinkelrätt motgolvet. Manöverförmåga returneras också runt sin egen axel och är försedd med vingar på den bakre sidan av fordonet. Underdelen är belagd med ett flexibelt materialsom kallas en kjol. På detta sätt airbagen hålls någon gång och luft flykten förhindras.
Idén om svävare formades först av den svenska forskaren Emanuel Swendenborg på1700-talet. Swendenborg hävdade att fordonet kan förbli på vattnet om luften hadepressats tillräckligt under en omvänd båt. Men den teknologiska nivån av periodenvar mycket bakåt när det gäller genomförandet av detta projekt. Mer allvarliga studier genomfördes av iscensätter britten Sir John Isaac Thornycraft på 1870-talet. Det är känt att brittiska ingenjören har gjort några experiment och patenterat idén. Även om många olika forskare gjort olika utföranden, lyckades ingen av dem tillräckligt för att bevisa teorin. Men den brittiska uppfinnaren Christoper ungtuppen avtäckt de första framgångsrika prototyperna på 1950-talet, lösa alla design problem. På grund av denna prestation var tuppen, som belönades med titeln ”Sir”, också den första framgångsrika hovercraftin namnges SR-N1 i året 1959.
Idag ser vi att giant SR-N4 passagerare svävare från ensitsiga fordon tillverkas till ettbrett utbud av svävare. Sedan 1970-talet varit SR-N4 en av de mest föredragna fordon i Frankrike-UK resor, med en extremt snabb passage av havet. Detta enorma fordon kan enkelt nå hastigheter på upp till 90-100 kilometer i timmen medan med 450passagerare och 65 fordon bekvämt.
Dessa fordon, som används också i militära områden, är mycket bekvämt att använda för utvinning ändamål, så många länder vidtar aktiva positioner i sjö-styrkor. Dessa fordon, som inte påverkades av havet och landminor, var aktivt i Gulfkriget, eftersom de inte röra golvet.
Den största fördelen med Hovercraftin är att den är snabb, men det behöver inte någon väg eller hamnen. Bränsleförbrukningen är mycket låg eftersom den inte utsättsför friktionskraften.
I början av 1960, var det tänkt att snabb svävare kunde utnyttjas i hav, öknar eller istäckta områden. Men på kort tid, realiserades problemen; De frekventa reservdelar och manövrerbarhet av saltvatten effekten orsakas detta fordon inte vara exakt vad som förväntades. Men tack vare utvecklingen inom teknik, denna konstruktion kommer att förbättras ytterligare.
Det är nu möjligt att säga att overcraft har en unik plats i transport om de är renad från sina svagheter och utvecklas i områden där det är bra.
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español
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svenska
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ไทย
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việt
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Suomalainen
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