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Pernă de aer: Vehicul fără frontiere
Una dintre cele mai interesante modele din tehnologia de transport, pernă de aer este un candidat pentru viitor. Plutesc deasupra solului, acestei maşini extraordinare, aflate pe uscat şi pe mare, datorită capacităţii de a ajunge la cele mai îndepărtate colţuri ale lumii cu nici o graniţele geografice.
Principiul de functionare al hovercraft este că vehiculul se deplasează pe un airbag.Cu aer comprimat mai mare decât presiunea normală a aerului este pulverizat faţă de baza de motoare şi vehiculul este tăiat la sol. Atât vehiculul se deplasează ușor deasupra solului. În afară de circulaţie verticală, mișcarea înainte a vehiculului este oferită de elice motoare pozitionate perpendicular pe podea. Manevrabilitatea, de asemenea, s-a întors în jurul axei proprii şi este prevăzută cu aripi pe partea din spate a vehiculului. Secţiunea de jos este acoperit cu un material flexibil numit o fusta. În acest fel, airbag este păstrat la un moment dat şi evacuare aer este împiedicat.
Ideea de hovercraft a fost prima formă de un cercetător suedez Emanuel Swendenborg în anii 1700. Swendenborg a afirmat că vehiculul ar putea rămâne pe apă dacă aerul a fost apăsat în mod adecvat sub o barca inversată. Dar nivelul tehnologic a perioadei a fost foarte înapoi în ceea ce priveşte punerea în aplicare a acestui proiect.Mai serioase studii au fost efectuate de către inginerul britanic Sir John Isaac Thornycraft în anii 1870. Este cunoscut faptul că inginerul britanic a făcut nişte experimenteşi patentat ideea. Deşi mulţi oameni de ştiinţă diferite face desene sau modele diferite, nici unul dintre ei a reuşit suficient pentru a demonstra teoria. Dar inventatorul britanic ralu cocoş descoperit primele prototipuri de succes în anii 1950, rezolvarea tuturor problemelor de design. Din cauza acestei realizări, cocoş, care a fost decorat cu titlul "Domnule", a fost, de asemenea, hovercraftin de succes prima să fie numit SR-N1 în anul 1959.
Astăzi, vom vedea că gigant SR-N4 pasageri hovercraft monoloc vehiculelor sunt fabricate la o gamă largă de pernă de aer. Din 1970, SR-N4 a fost una dintre cele maipreferate vehicule Travel Franta-UK, cu o trecere extrem de rapid la mare. Acest vehicul enorm puteţi ajunge uşor la viteze de până la 90-100 de kilometri pe oră în timp ce transportă 450 de pasageri și 65 vehicule confortabil.
Aceste vehicule, care sunt de asemenea folosite în zone militare, sunt foarte convenabil de a folosi pentru scopuri de extracţie, atât de multe ţări sunt luând poziţii active în forţele navale. Aceste vehicule, care au fost afectate de mare şi minele de teren,s-au implicat activ în războiul din Golf, şi nu ating podeaua.
Principalul avantaj al Hovercraftin este că este rapid, dar nu are nevoie de orice drum sau port. Consumul de carburant este foarte redus, deoarece nu este expus la forta de frecare.
La începutul anilor 1960, se credea că rapid hovercraft puteau fi exploatate înmările, deserturi sau zonele acoperite de gheață. Dar in scurt timp, problemele s-aurealizat; Frecvente părţi şi manevrabilitate de apă sărată efectul cauzat acest vehiculpentru a nu fi exact ceea ce era de aşteptat. Dar datorită evoluţii în tehnologie, acest design va fi îmbunătăţită în continuare.
Acum se poate spune că overcraft va avea un loc unic în transportul, în cazul în care acestea sunt purificate la slăbiciunile lor şi dezvoltate in zonele unde este bine.
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