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Hovercraft: Voertuig zonder grenzen
Een van de meest interessante ontwerpen in transporttechnologie, hovercraft is eenkandidaat voor de toekomst. Zwevend boven de grond, deze buitengewone machine, vliegen op het land en op zee, als gevolg van de mogelijkheid tot de verste uithoeken van de wereld met geen geografische grenzen.
Het werkingsprincipe van de hovercraft is dat het voertuig op een airbag beweegt.Hogere perslucht dan normale luchtdruk wordt gespoten richting het honk door demotoren en het voertuig wordt gesneden op de grond. Zodat het voertuig lichtjes boven het wegdek beweegt. Naast de verticale beweging is de voorwaartse beweging van het voertuig op voorwaarde dat door de propeller motoren geplaatst loodrecht naar de vloer. Wendbaarheid ook rond haar eigen as als resultaat gegeven en wordt geleverd met vleugels aan de achterkant van het voertuig. Het onderste gedeelte is bedekt met een flexibel materiaal genaamd een rok. Op deze manier de airbagwordt bewaard op een bepaald punt en de lucht ontsnappen wordt voorkomen.
Het idee van de hovercraft was het eerst gevormd door de Zweedse wetenschapperEmanuel Swendenborg in 1700. De swendenborg beweerden dat het voertuig op het water blijven kan, als de lucht had voldoende is gedrukt onder een omgekeerde boot. Maar het technologische niveau van de periode was erg achteruit op het gebied van de uitvoering van dit project. Meer serieuze studies werden uitgevoerd door Britse ingenieur Sir John Isaac Thornycraft in de jaren 1870. Het is bekend dat de Britse ingenieur heeft enkele experimenten gedaan en gepatenteerd het idee. Hoewel veel verschillende wetenschappers verschillende ontwerpen maakte, geen van hen genoeg om te bewijzen de theorie geslaagd. Maar de Britse uitvinder Christoper Cockerel ontdekt de eerste succesvolle prototypes in de jaren 1950, alle ontwerp kwesties op te lossen. Vanwege deze prestatie was Cockerel, die werd bekroond met de titel "Meneer", ook de eerste succesvolle hovercraftin SR-N1 worden genoemd in het jaar 1959.
Vandaag zien we dat de gigantische SR-N4 passagier hovercraft van single-seater voertuigen zijn vervaardigd tot een brede waaier van de hovercraft. Sinds de jaren 1970 is SR-N4 één van de populairste voertuigen in Frankrijk-Verenigd Koninkrijk reizen, met een extreem snelle oversteek van de zee. Dit enorme voertuig kunt gemakkelijk bereiken snelheden van maximaal 90-100 kilometer per uur bij 450 passagiers en65 voertuigen comfortabel.
Zoveel landen neemt actieve posities in zeemacht, deze voertuigen, die ook in de militaire domeinen worden gebruikt, zijn erg handig voor extractie doeleinden te gebruiken. Deze voertuigen, die niet werden beïnvloed door zee en landmijnen, waren actief betrokken bij de oorlog van de Golf, als ze niet de vloer raken deed.
Het belangrijkste voordeel van Hovercraftin is dat het is snel, maar het hoeft niet elke weg of de haven. Het brandstofverbruik is erg laag, omdat het niet is blootgesteldaan wrijving kracht.
In de vroege jaren 1960, werd er gedacht dat snel hovercraft kan worden misbruikt in ijs bedekte gebieden, zeeën en woestijnen. Maar in een korte tijd, de problemenwerden gerealiseerd; De frequente delen en de manoeuvreerbaarheid van het zoutwater effect veroorzaakt dit voertuig om niet precies wat werd verwacht. Maar dankzij technologische ontwikkelingen, dit ontwerp zal worden verbeterd.
Het is nu mogelijk om te zeggen dat de overcraft een unieke plek in het vervoer hebben zal als ze zijn gezuiverd van hun zwakheden en in gebieden waar zij goed is ontwikkeld.
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