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Hovercraft: Kenderaan tanpa sempadan

Salah satu Reka bentuk yang paling menarik dalam teknologi pengangkutan, hovercraft adalah calon untuk masa depan. Terapung di atas tanah, Mesin ini luar biasa, terbang atas tanah dan di laut, disebabkan oleh keupayaan untuk sampai ke sudut-sudut Aqsa di dunia dengan tiada sempadan geografi.

 

Prinsip kerja hovercraft adalah bahawa kenderaan bergerak pada satu airbag. Udaratermampat lebih tinggi daripada tekanan udara biasa disembur ke arah pangkal oleh motor tersebut dan kenderaan yang dipotong ke tanah. Sehingga kenderaan itu bergerak sedikit di atas tanah. Selain pergerakan menegak, pergerakan ke hadapan kenderaan ini merupakan syarat oleh kipas Motor kedudukan perpendicular ke lantai.Keboleh-kendalian juga kembali sekitar paksinya sendiri dan disediakan dengan sayap di bahagian belakang kenderaan tersebut. Bahagian rendah disalut dengan bahan yang fleksibel yang dipanggil skirt. Dengan cara ini, airbag itu dikekalkan pada satu masa nanti dan melarikan diri udara terhalang.

 

Idea hovercraft pertama adalah dibentuk oleh saintis Sweden Emanuel Swendenborg pada tahun 1700. Swendenborg yang mendakwa bahawa kenderaan itu boleh kekal atas air jika udara telah ditekan dengan secukupnya di bawah bot reversed. Tapi tahap teknologi tempoh yang sangat mundur dari segi melaksanakan projek ini. Kajian yang lebih serius telah dijalankan oleh jurutera British Sir John Isaac Thornycraftpada 1870. Ia adalah diketahui bahawa jurutera itu British telah dilakukan beberapaeksperimen yang berkaitan dan dipatenkan idea. Walaupun banyak berbeza ahli saintis membuat berbagai rekabentuk, tiada seorang pun daripada mereka berjaya cukup untuk membuktikan teori. Tetapi pencipta British Christoper Cockerel terbongkarprototaip pertama berjaya pada 1950-an, menyelesaikan isu-isu rekabentuk. Keranapencapaian ini, yang Cockerel, yang telah dianugerahkan gelaran "Sir", juga adalahhovercraftin berjaya yang pertama yang dinamakan SR-N1 pada tahun 1959.

 

Hari ini, kita melihat bahawa hovercraft penumpang SR-N4 gergasi dari satu tempat duduk kenderaan akan dikeluarkan kepada pelbagai hovercraft. Sejak 1970-an, SR-N4 telah menjadi salah satu kenderaan yang paling digemari di Perancis-UK travel,dengan melintasi laut yang sangat cepat. Kenderaan besar ini boleh mencapai kelajuan sehingga 90-100 kilometer sejam ketika membawa 450 penumpang dan kenderaan 65 dengan selesa.

 

Kenderaan ini, yang juga digunakan dalam bidang ketenteraan, sangat mudah untuk digunakan untuk tujuan pengekstrakan, begitu banyak negara sedang aktif jawatan dalam tentera laut. Kenderaan ini, yang tidak terjejas oleh laut dan darat, secara aktif terlibat dalam Perang Teluk, kerana mereka tidak menyentuh lantai.

 

Kelebihan utama Hovercraftin adalah bahawa ia berpuasa, tetapi ia tidak memerlukan apa-apa jalan atau pelabuhan. Penggunaan bahan api adalah sangat rendah kerana ia tidak terdedah kepada geseran tentera.

 

Pada awal 1960-an, ia difikirkan bahawa hovercraft cepat boleh dieksploitasi di lautan, Padang Pasir atau kawasan-kawasan yang diliputi ais. Tetapi dalam masa yang singkat, masalah-masalah yang telah sedar; Bahagian-bahagian yang kerap dan keboleh-kendalian kesan air masin menyebabkan kenderaan ini tidak berada betul-betul apa yang diharapkan. Tetapi terima kasih kepada perkembangan teknologi, Reka bentuk ini akan terus bertambah baik.

 

Ia adalah mungkin untuk mengatakan bahawa overcraft itu akan mempunyai tempat yang unik dalam pengangkutan jika mereka Jauhkan kelemahan mereka dan dibangunkan di kawasan-kawasan di mana ia adalah baik.

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