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Keksintö mikroskoopin
Mikroskooppi on by optinen väline että antaa kuvastaa jotta olla tarkastaa luona harva linssi avulla auttaa-lta harvalukuinen muistuttaa että aari ei nähtävä jotta alasti katsella. Ensinnäkin, kuten nimestä voi päätellä, tutkiminen mikrobien on todella suuri palvelu alalla teollisuuden, metallurgian, genetiikan, geologia, arkeologia, ja kriminologia.
Kuka keksi mikroskoopin?
Microscopy on myöntänyt, että Hollannin Zacharias Janssen ensimmäinen loi kaukoputken vuonna 1590. Mutta tällä hetkellä, muut hollanti, Saksa, englanti ja Italian tutkijat myös ymmärtäneet, että käänteinen teleskooppi voitaisiin käyttää suuremmaksi esineitä. Kuuluisa italialainen tutkija Galilei Galileo (1564-1642) kaksi linssiä, julkaisi paavi, edellyttäen, että maailma on kääntynyt ympäri aurinkoa, joka joutuu inkvisition ja on luopunut maailmasta Solar etlâf. Hänellä oli vähän kokemusta käyttää sitä. Pääperiaatteet nykypäivän mikroskoopin löydettiin 1600-luvulla Hollannin auton van Leeuwenhoek ja British Robert Hook.
Erikois mikroskoopit
Stereoskooppiset mikroskoopit:
Stereoskooppiset mikroskoopit tehtiin antamaan kolmiulotteinen kuvia elimissä. Kaksi mikroskooppeja on tehty asennuksesta päälle jalustan muodossa optinen järjestelmä. Nämä mikroskoopit soveltuvat biologia Laboratories.
Metallurgisen mikroskoopin:
Mikroskooppiin on lisätty voimakas valon lähde, koska mineraali osat eivät läpäise valoa. Valon lähde on tutkittava heijastus valossa heijastuu linssi.
Elektroni Mikroskooppi:
Kuva voidaan suurentaa useita miljoonia kertoja elektroneja saada kuvia elektroni mikroskopia. Niin paljon suurennusta on, että aallon korkeus elektroni on muutama tuhat kertaa pienempi kuin aallon pituus valon. Elektroni mikroskoopin käytetään myös tieteellisen tutkimuksen tutkia hyvin pieniä esineitä, kuten atomeja ja viruksia.
Kenttä-emissio Mikroskooppi:
Pelto päästöjen mikroskooppeja käytetään tutkimaan kristalli rakenteita pinnan kuvia metallia tai puoli johteita. Hyvin uusi tekniikka, joka erottaa nämä mikroskoopit elektroni ja optiset mikroskoopit, on elektroni tai ion Breakout (emissio) tapahtuma objektin sijasta ohimennen valoa tai fotoni kehosta. Päästöt ovat sähkö kentän tarjoamia. Elektrodit metallista tutkitaan kuuluvat näytön samanlainen TV-putki, jolloin jälkiä mukaan kiteinen rakenne. Tämä kuva Crystal rakenne voi myös valokuvata. Elektroni mikroskoopilla on suurennus ominaisuus. Kuva on hyvin terävä ja yksityiskohtainen.
Polarisaatio mikroskoopin:
Se on optinen Mikroskooppi varustaa avulla kakkonen Nicol prisms eli kakkonen napa-alukkeiden avulla Rotary esittää. Polarisaatio Nicol sijoitettu alla levy lähettää Polarisoidussa valossa esine; Analyytikko Nicol sijoitetaan hieman linssin yläpuolelle. Kun nämä kaksi prismoja kohtaavat, mikroskoopin kenttä näkyy pimeällä, lukuun ottamatta aineita, joilla on tietty nopeus voima, tai alueilla, joilla esiintyy kaksoishauraita aineita.
Vastakkaisen vaiheen Mikroskooppi:
Tämä Mikroskooppi mahdollistaa syntymistä pieniä muunnelmia taite kerroin esineitä tutkitaan. Zerniken löytämästä optisesta asennuksesta on hyötyä, kun tutkitaan hyvin pieniä värähtelyn vaiheiden vaihteluita tutkittavien esineiden osalta; Tätä varten renkaan muotoinen kalvo huomioon ja takana linssi sijoitetaan dia, joka tekee vaihe ero. Vaihe muuttuu kehossa näkyvät valo vaihtelut kuvassa, mutta myös optinen paksuus erot jopa 30-40 angström voidaan helposti löydettävissä. Tämä Mikroskooppi käyttää biologit tutkia eläviä organismeja.
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English
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Deutsche
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български
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hrvatski
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čeština
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dansk
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Nederlands
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français
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Ελληνικά
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हिंदी
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Indonesia
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italiano
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norsk
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Polskie
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Português
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românesc
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русский
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slovenský
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español
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Український
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Melayu
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svenska
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ไทย
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Magyar
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việt
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Suomalainen
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