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Pronalazak mikroskopa
Mikroskop je optički instrument koji omogućuje slike biti ispitani od strane nekolikoobjektiva uz pomoć malih objekata koji nisu vidljivi golim okom. Prvo, kao što ime sugerira, ispitivanje mikroba je zapravo veliki servis na području industrije, metalurgije, genetika, geologiju, arheologiju i kriminologije.
Tko je izumio mikroskop?
Mikroskopija je priznao da nizozemski Zaharija Janssen prvo stvorio teleskop godine 1590. Ali u ovom trenutku, drugi nizozemski, njemački, engleski i talijanski znanstvenici i shvatila da obrnuti teleskop može se koristiti za povećanje objekata. Poznati talijanski znanstvenik Galilei Galileo (1564-1642) dvije leće, objavio je Papa, pod uvjetom da svijet okrenut oko sunca, koji je podvrgnut inkvizicija i je napustio svijet u solarne etrâf. On je imao nekoliko iskustvo koristeći Internet. Glavni principi današnjemikroskopom su pronađene u 17 stoljeću nizozemski Auton van Leeuwenhoek i britanski Robert Hook.
Specijalni mikroskopi
Stereoskopski mikroskopi:
Stereoskopski mikroskopi su pružiti trodimenzionalne slike tijela. Dva mikroskopi suza montažu na stativ u obliku optički sistem. Ove mikroskopa pogodni su za biologiju.
Metalurški mikroskop:
Jaki izvor svjetlosti je dodan mikroskopa jer mineralnih dijelova prolazi svjetlost. Svjetlost iz izvora je pregledao odraz svjetla u objektiv.
Elektronski mikroskop:
Slike se mogu uvećati nekoliko milijuna puta pomoću elektrona za dobivanje slike uelektronske mikroskopije. Puno uvećanje je da visina vala elektrona je nekoliko tisuća puta manja od valne duljine svjetlosti. Elektronski mikroskop također se koristi u znanstvenim istraživanjima ispitati vrlo male predmete poput atoma i virusa.
Polje-emisija mikroskopa:
Polje emisije mikroskopi se koriste ispitati kristalne strukture iz površine slike Metal ili poluvodiči. Vrlo nova tehnika, koja dijeli ove mikroskopa od elektrona i mikroskopa, je događaj bijeg (emisije) elektrona ili iona od objekta umjesto prolazi svjetlost ilifoton iz tijela. Emisija nalaze se električno polje. Elektrode od metala da se pada nazaslon sličan to TV cijevi, ostavljajući tragove prema kristalne strukture. Ova slika jekristalna struktura također mogu biti fotografirane. Elektronski mikroskop ima uvećanje. Slika je vrlo jasne i detaljne.
Polarizacijski mikroskop:
To je optički mikroskop opremljen sa dva Nicol prizme ili dva polarna početnice sa okretnog stola. Polarizacija Nicol postaviti ispod ploča šalje svjetlost na objektu; Analitičar Nicol je smještena malo iznad objektiva. Kada ove dvije prizme susret, mikroskopom polje se pojavljuje tamna, osim tvari određene brzine sila ili područja gdje senalaze bračni krhke tvari.
Nasuprot fazni mikroskop:
Ovaj mikroskop omogućuje nastanak male promjene indeksa loma objekata pregledati. Optički instalacijski program koji pronalazi Zernike je korisna za pronalaženje vrlo mali fazni varijacije vibracije iz objekta na ispitivanje; Za ovo, prsten u obliku dijafragme u razmatranje i natrag za objektiva nalazi se u slajd koji mijenja fazu. Faze promjene u tijelu se pojavljuju kao svjetlo varijacije na sliku, ali čak i optički debljina razlike od do 30-40 Angström može lako naći. Ovaj mikroskop koristi biolozi ispitati živih organizama.
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English
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hrvatski
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čeština
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dansk
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Nederlands
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français
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Ελληνικά
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हिंदी
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Indonesia
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italiano
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norsk
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Polskie
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Português
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românesc
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русский
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slovenský
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español
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Український
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Melayu
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svenska
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ไทย
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Magyar
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việt
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Suomalainen
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