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Wynalezienia mikroskopu

Mikroskop jest instrument optyczny, który pozwala obrazów do rozpatrzenia przez kilka obiektywów za pomocą małych obiektów, które nie są widoczne gołym okiem. Po pierwsze jak sama nazwa wskazuje, badania drobnoustrojów jest faktycznie główne usługi w dziedzinie przemysłu, metalurgia, Genetyka, geologia, archeologia i kryminologii.

 

Kto wynalazł mikroskopu?

Mikroskopia uznaje się, że holenderski Zachariasza Janssena stworzony teleskopu wroku 1590. Ale w tym czasie, inne holenderski, niemiecki, angielski i włoski uczonychrównież sprawę, że odwrócone teleskop może służyć aby powiększyć obiekty. Słynny włoski uczony Galilei Galileo (1564-1642) dwie soczewki, wydany przez papieża, pod warunkiem, że świat został włączony wokół słońca, które jest poddane Inkwizycjii odwróciła się na świecie w słonecznej etrâf. Miał kilka doświadczenie w używaniu go. Główne zasady dzisiaj na mikroskopu zostały znalezione w XVII wieku holenderskiAuton van Leeuwenhoek i brytyjski Robert Hook.

 

Specjalne mikroskopy

 

Mikroskopy stereoskopowe:

Mikroskopy stereoskopowe zostały wprowadzone do zapewnienia trójwymiarowychobrazów organów. Dwa mikroskopy wykonane są z montażu na statywie w formie układu optycznego. Mikroskopy te nadają się do laboratoriów biologii.

 

Mikroskopem metalurgicznych:

Silne źródła światła został dodany do mikroskopu, ponieważ części mineralnych nieprzechodzi światło. Światło ze źródła jest badany przez odbicie światła odbitego wobiektywie.

 

Mikroskop elektronowy:

Obraz można powiększyć kilka milionów razy za pomocą elektronów do uzyskania obrazów w mikroskopii elektronowej. Tak dużo powiększenie jest to, że wysokość falielektronu jest kilka tysięcy razy mniejszy niż długość fali światła. Mikroskopu elektronowego jest również używana w badania naukowe do zbadania bardzo małych obiektów, takich jak atomy i wirusy.

 

Emisji pola mikroskopu:

Mikroskopy pola emisji są stosowane do badania struktury kryształów z obrazów powierzchni metalu lub półprzewodniki. Bardzo nową technikę, która oddziela te mikroskopy elektronowe i mikroskopów optycznych, jest elektronów i jonów zdarzenie breakout (emisji) z obiektu zamiast mijania światła lub fotonów z organizmu. Emisje są dostarczane przez pole elektryczne. Elektrody metalowe należy zbadać spadnie naekran podobny do rury TV, pozostawiając ślady według struktury krystalicznej. Ten obraz struktury krystalicznej, również mogą być fotografowane. Mikroskop elektronowy posiada funkcję powiększenia. Obraz jest bardzo wyraźny i szczegółowy.

 

Mikroskopem polaryzacji:

To jest Mikroskop optyczny wyposażony w dwa pryzmaty Nicol lub dwa podkłady polar z stołu obrotowego. Polaryzacji, Nicol umieszczone pod płytkę wysyła światło spolaryzowane obiektu; Analityk Nicol znajduje się nieco powyżej obiektywu. Gdy spotykają się te dwa pryzmaty, pola mikroskopu pojawia się ciemny, z wyjątkiem substancji, z określoną siłą prędkości lub na obszarach, gdzie znajdują się podwójne delikatne substancje.

 

Naprzeciwko mikroskopu fazy:

Mikroskop ten umożliwia pojawienie się małych zmian w załamania obiekty badane.Optyczny Instalatora, który znajdzie Zernike jest przydatne do znajdowania odmianyfazy bardzo małe wibracje z obiektu badanego; Do tego pierścień w kształcie membrana pod uwagę i z tyłu obiektywu jest umieszczana w slajd, który sprawia, że różnica fazy. Zmiany fazy w organizmie pojawiają się jako lekkie zmiany na obrazie, ale nawet różnice optyczne grubości do 30-40 Angström można łatwo znaleźć. Ten Mikroskop jest używana przez biologów do zbadania żywych organizmów.

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