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A invenção do microscópio
O microscópio é um instrumento óptico que permite a imagem a ser examinada por algumas lentes com a ajuda de pequenos objetos que não são visíveis a olho nu. Em primeiro lugar, como o nome sugere, o exame de micróbios é realmente um grande serviço na área de Sanâyi, metalurgia, genética, geologia, arqueologia e criminologia.
Quem inventou o microscópio?
A microscopia é considerada a primeira holandesa Zacharias Janssen, um telescópio nas imediações de 1590. Mas, neste momento, outros estudiosos holandeses, alemães, ingleses e italianos também perceberam que um telescópio invertido poderia ser usado para ampliar os objetos. O famoso estudioso italiano Galilei Galileo (1564-1642) duas lentes lançadas pelo Papa, desde que o mundo se virou ao redor do sol, que está sujeito à tortura da Inquisição e abandonou o mundo no sol Etrân. Ele tinha algumas experiências usando-o. Os principais princípios do microscópio de hoje é o 17º. Eles encontraram Dutch Auton Van Leeuwenhoek e o gancho britânico Robert no asirda.
Microscópios especiais
Microscópios estereoscópicos
Microscópios estereoscópicos foram feitos para fornecer imagens tridimensionais dos corpos. Os dois microscópios são feitos de montagem em cima de um tripé na forma de um sistema óptico. Estes microscópios são adequados para laboratórios de biologia.
Microscópio metalúrgico: uma fonte forte de luz foi adicionada ao microscópio porque as partes do Mâden não são leves. A luz da fonte é examinada pelo reflexo da luz refletida na lente.
Microscópio eletrônico
Usando elétrons para obter imagens no microscópio eletrônico, a imagem pode ser ampliada por vários milhões de deÂ. Esta grande ampliação é porque o comprimento de onda do elétron é menor do que alguns milhares de defeitos do pescoço da onda de luz. O microscópio eletrônico também é usado na exploração de pequenos objetos, como átomos e vírus.
Microscópio de emissão de campo
Os microscópios de emissão do campo são usados para examinar as estruturas de cristal das imagens de superfície do metal ou dos semicondutores. Uma técnica muito nova que separa esses microscópios de elétrons e microscópios ópticos, em vez de passar a luz ou o fóton do corpo, o objeto
é um evento de elétron ou íon Breakout (emissão). As emissões são fornecidas pelo campo elétrico. Os eletrodos do metal a ser examinado caem em uma tela semelhante ao tubo de TV, deixando vestígios de acordo com a estrutura cristalina. Esta imagem da estrutura cristalina também pode ser fotografada. O microscópio eletrônico tem uma característica de ampliação. A imagem é muito nítida e detalhada.
Microscópio Polarici
É um microscópio óptico equipado com dois prismas Nicol ou dois primer polar com uma mesa giratória. O Polarici Nicol colocado a placa envia luz polarizada sobre o objeto; O analista Nicol é colocado ligeiramente acima da lente. Quando estes dois prisma encontros, as áreas onde há um certo poder revolucionário, ou as regiões onde as substâncias de dupla quebra são encontradas, a área do microscópio parece escuro.
Microscópio de fase oposta
Este microscópio possibilita o surgimento de pequenas variações nos índices de refração dos objetos examinados. Uma configuração óptica que Zernike encontra é útil para encontrar variações de fase muito pequenas de vibrações do objeto a ser examinado; Para isso, um anel em forma de diafragma no condensador e na parte de trás da lente é colocada em um slide que faz uma diferença de fase. As mudanças de fase no corpo aparecem como variações de luz na imagem, mas mesmo as diferenças de espessura óptica de até 30-40 angström pode ser facilmente encontrado. Este microscópio é usado por biólogos para examinar organismos vivos.
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svenska
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việt
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