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Uppfinningen av mikroskopet
Mikroskopet är ett optiskt instrument som gör att bilden kan undersökas av ett par linser med hjälp av små föremål som inte syns för blotta ögat. För det första, som namnet antyder, undersökningen av mikrober är faktiskt en större service inom industrin, metallurgi, genetik, geologi, arkeologi och kriminologi.
Vem uppfann mikroskopet?
Mikroskopi är erkänt att den holländska Zacharias Janssen först skapade ett teleskop i år 1590. Men vid denna tid, andra nederländska, tyska, engelska och italienska forskare också insett att en omvänd teleskopet kunde användas att förstora objekt. Den berömda italienska forskaren Galilei Galileo (1564-1642) två linser, släppt avpåven, förutsatt att världen har stängts runt solen som är föremål för inkvisitionen och har övergett världen i den solar etrâf. Han hade några erfarenhet använder den. Huvudprinciperna i dagens Mikroskop hittades i 1600-talet holländska Auton van Leeuwenhoek och brittiska Robert Hook.
Speciella Mikroskop
Stereoskopisk Mikroskop:
Stereoskopisk Mikroskop har gjorts ger tredimensionella bilder av organ. Mikroskopen i två görs från montering ovanpå ett stativ i form av ett optiskt system. Dessa Mikroskop är lämpliga för biologi laboratorier.
Metallurgiska Mikroskop:
En stark ljuskälla har lagts till mikroskopet eftersom de mineraliska delarna inte passerar ljuset. Ljuset från källan examineras genom reflektion av det ljus som reflekteras i linsen.
Elektronmikroskop:
Bilden kan förstoras flera miljoner gånger använda elektroner för att få bilder i elektronmikroskopi. Så mycket förstoring är att våghöjden av elektronen är några tusengånger mindre än våglängden på ljuset. Elektronmikroskopet används också i vetenskaplig forskning för att undersöka mycket små föremål som atomer och virus.
Fält-utsläpp Mikroskop:
Fältet utsläpp Mikroskop används för att undersöka de kristallen strukturerna från surface bilder av metall eller halvledare. En mycket ny teknik, som skiljer dessa Mikroskop från electron och optiska mikroskop, är en elektron eller ion breakout (utsläpp)händelse från objektet i stället för passerande ljus- eller fotonstråle från kroppen. Utsläpp tillhandahålls av det elektriska fältet. Elektroderna från metall undersökas fallapå en skärm som liknar TV röret, lämnar spår enligt den kristallina strukturen. Dennabild av kristallstrukturen kan också fotograferas. Elektronmikroskopet har en förstoring. Bilden är mycket skarp och detaljerad.
Polarisering Mikroskop:
Det är ett optiskt mikroskop utrustat med två Nicol prismor eller två polära primermed ett roterande bord. Den polarisering som Nicol placeras under plattan skickarpolariserat ljus på objektet. Analytikern Nicol placeras något ovanför objektivet. Närdessa två prismor träffas, visas fältet Mikroskop mörk, med undantag för ämnen med en viss hastighet kraft eller de områden där de dubbel-ömtåliga ämnena finns.
Mittemot fas Mikroskop:
Detta Mikroskop möjliggör uppkomsten av små variationer i de refractive indexen objekt undersöks. En optisk setup som Zernike finner är användbart för att hitta mycket liten fas varianter av vibrationer från objektet att undersökas. För detta placeras en ringformad membran hänsyn och baksidan av linsen i en bild som gör fas skillnad.Fas visas i kroppen ändringarna som lätta ändringar i bilden, men även optisk tjocklek skillnaderna av upp till 30-40 Angström lätt kan hittas. Detta Mikroskop användsav biologer för att undersöka levande organismer.
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English
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Deutsche
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hrvatski
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čeština
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dansk
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Nederlands
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français
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Ελληνικά
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हिंदी
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Indonesia
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italiano
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norsk
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Polskie
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Português
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românesc
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русский
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slovenský
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español
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Український
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Melayu
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svenska
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ไทย
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Magyar
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việt
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Suomalainen
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