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Ciptaan mikroskop yang
Mikroskop yang merupakan instrumen optik yang membolehkan imej untuk diperiksa oleh beberapa kanta dengan bantuan benda-benda kecil yang tidak dapat dilihat oleh mata kasar. Pertama, seperti namanya, pemeriksaan mikrob adalah sebenarnyaPerkhidmatan utama dalam bidang industri, Metalurgi, genetik, geologi, arkeologi dan kriminologi.
Yang mencipta mikroskop itu?
Microscopy diiktiraf bahawa Janssen Zacharias Belanda yang pertama sekali mencipta teleskop yang tahun 1590. Tetapi pada masa ini, Belanda, Jerman, lain-lain ulamaBahasa Inggeris dan Itali juga menyedari bahawa sebuah teleskop reversed boleh digunakan untuk membesarkan benda-benda. Yang terkenal Itali ulama berjalan Galileo (1564-1642) kedua-dua kanta, dikeluarkan oleh Paus, dengan syarat bahawa dunia telah dihidupkan mengelilingi matahari, yang tertakluk kepada Pasitan itu dan meninggalkan dunia dalam etrâf di Suria. Beliau mempunyai beberapa pengalaman menggunakannya. Prinsip-prinsip utama mikroskop hari ini ditemui dalam abad ke-17Auton Belanda van Leeuwenhoek dan cangkuk British Robert.
Mikroskop Khas
Stereoskopik mikroskop:
Stereoskopik mikroskop telah dibuat bagi memberi imej tiga dimensi badan. Dalammikroskop dua dibuat daripada pemasangan di atas tripod berupa sistem optik. Mikroskop ini adalah sesuai untuk makmal biologi.
Mikroskop logam:
Sumber cahaya yang kuat telah ditambah ke dalam mikroskop oleh kerana bahagian mineral melalui cahaya. Cahaya dari sumber diperiksa oleh refleksi cahaya dalam kanta.
Mikroskop elektron:
Imej boleh diperbesarkan beberapa kali juta menggunakan elektron untuk mendapatkan imej dalam microscopy elektron. Begitu banyak pembesaran adalah bahawa ketinggian gelombang elektron dalam beberapa ribu kali lebih kecil daripada panjang gelombang yang berkuat cahaya. Mikroskop elektron juga digunakan dalam penyelidikan saintifik untuk mengkaji benda-benda yang amat kecil seperti Atom dan virus.
Mikroskop Field-pelepasan:
Pelepasan bidang mikroskop digunakan untuk memeriksa struktur Kristal dari imej-imej permukaan logam atau luaran. Satu teknik yang baru, yang memisahkan ini mikroskop elektron dan optikal Microskop, ialah peristiwa pelarian (pelepasan)elektron, atau ion dari objek daripada lulus cahaya atau foton dari badan. Pelepasandisediakan oleh medan elektrik. Elektrod-elektrod dari logam diperiksa jatuh pada skrin yang sama tiub TV, meninggalkan kesan mengikut struktur Kristal. Imej ini struktur hablur juga menjadi gambar. Mikroskop elektron yang mempunyai ciri-ciri pembesaran. Gambar adalah sangat tajam dan terperinci.
Mikroskop polarisasi:
Ia adalah sebuah mikroskop optik yang dilengkapi dengan dua disediakan berdasarkan Nicol atau dua kutub asas dengan jadual yang berputar. Polarisasi Nicol diletakkan di bawah plat menghantar polarized cahaya pada objek; Penganalisis Nicol diletakkan sedikit di atas kanta. Apabila bertemu dengan ini disediakan berdasarkandua, medan mikroskop kelihatan gelap, kecuali bahan-bahan dengan kuasa kelajuan yang tertentu atau bidang di mana bahan-bahan yang mudah pecah dua ditemui.
Bertentangan dengan mikroskop fasa:
Mikroskop ini membolehkan kemunculan perbezaan kecil dalam Indeks refractive objek-objek yang dikaji. Untuk persediaan optik yang mendapati Zernike amat berguna untuk mencari variasi kecil fasa getaran dari objek untuk diperiksa; Untuk ini, diafragma berbentuk cincin ke dalam pertimbangan dan bahagian belakang kanta diletakkan dalam slaid yang membuat perbezaan fasa. Fasa perubahan dalam badan muncul sebagai cahaya dalam imej, tetapi bahkan ketebalan optik perbezaan sehingga30-40 Angström boleh didapati dengan mudah. Mikroskop ini digunakan oleh biologi untuk mengkaji organisma hidup.
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English
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Deutsche
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български
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hrvatski
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čeština
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dansk
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Nederlands
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français
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Ελληνικά
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हिंदी
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Indonesia
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italiano
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norsk
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Polskie
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Português
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românesc
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русский
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slovenský
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español
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Український
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Melayu
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svenska
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ไทย
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Magyar
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việt
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Suomalainen
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