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Ποιος ανακάλυψε το τρανζίστορ;

Το τρανζίστορ, η οποία θεωρείται ως ένα από τα πιο σημαντικά invations του 20ου αιώνα και την lifeplood ηλεκτρονικών κυκλωμάτων, βρέθηκε το 1947. Η ομάδα που αποτελείται από Τζον Μπαρντίν και Walter Brtain, headod από William Shockley τα εργαστήρια ερευνών της μεγαλύτερης εταιρείας τηλέφωνο του κόσμου, οργανώσεων Bell, έχει βραβευτεί το βραβείο Νόμπελ το 1956, οφείλεται σε αυτά τα νέα invations groundaking σε Τεχνολογία ήταν άξια.

 

Μπαρντίν και το ντοπέ προσπαθούσαν να βρουν μια επιλογή κατά τα thermionic καπάκια που χρησιμοποιούνται για την απόκτηση, την strengusing και προβολής σήματα ραδιόφωνο και τηλέφωνο. Θα έπρεπε να είναι ένα συγκεκριμένο ποσό του χρόνου να ζεστάνει αυτούς τους λαμπτήρες που ήταν γρήγορη να σπάσει και δαπανηρή. Και είχαν confiting πολλή ηλεκτρική ενέργεια.

 

Η ομάδα έκανε το πρώτο τρανζίστορ από ένα στρώμα λεπτό γερμάνιο. Δύο μέρες πριν τα Χριστούγεννα στο 1947, αυτό το τρανζίστορ ήταν συνδεδεμένο σε ένα κύκλωμα ραδιόφωνο και ντοπέ έγραψε τις παρακάτω γραμμές στο σημειωματάριό του: «αυτό το κύκλωμα λειτουργεί πραγματικά. Λόγω της έντασης του ήχου, μια αισθητή ανύψωση ήταν achioed. «Το τρανζίστορ, ακριβώς όπως το λαμπτήρα, ενισχυμένο σήμα ήχου. Αλλά ήταν πολύ μικρότερα σε μέγεθος και απαιτείται λιγότερη ενέργεια. Κατά την πρώτη, σχεδόν κανείς belived ότι μια μικροσκοπική συσκευή θα μπορούσε να αντικαταστήσει οι μεγάλοι λαμπτήρες. Αλλά Shockley και η ομάδα του έχουν κάνει μεγάλη strades σε τέσσερα χρόνια. Το 1952, το τρανζίστορ είχε μειωθεί στο ένα δέκατο των αρχικών διαστάσεων και ήταν πολύ ισχυρότερη το 1957, με 30 εκατομμύρια τρανζίστορ που παράγονται από κάθε χρόνο. Εξελίξεις σε αυτόν τον τομέα είναι ακόμα σε εξέλιξη.

 

Αντί για το στρώμα γερμάνιο, οι επιστήμονες άρχισαν να χρησιμοποιούν καθαρό καθαρότητας κρύσταλλα, τα οποία θα μπορούσε να αντέξει πολύ μεγαλύτερη ένταση της θερμότητας. Τρανζίστορ ήταν κατασκευαστής, η οποία μπορεί να μεταδώσει το ρεύμα σε τόσο λίγα όπως ένα εκατό εκατομμύρια δευτερόλεπτα. Χάρη σε αυτές τις φορητές αριθμομηχανές, έγιναν ψηφιακά ρολόγια. Οι λαμπτήρες ραδιοφωνικών και τηλεοπτικών δεκτών αντικατέστησε επίσης τα τρανζίστορ. Αν δεν είναι για αυτές τις μικρές συσκευές φοβερό, δεν είναι δυνατόν να έχετε δορυφορικές επικοινωνίες, διαστημόπλοια και την κατάκτηση της Σελήνης από τον άνθρωπο.

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