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Kto wynalazł tranzystor?

Tranzystor, który jest uważany za jeden z najważniejszych invations XX wieku i lifeplood układów elektronicznych, został znaleziony w 1947. Zespół składający się z John Bardeen i Walter Brtain, headod przez William Shockley w laboratoriach badawczych na świecie największym telefon firmy, organizacje Bell, otrzymał nagrodę Nobla w 1956 roku, ze względu na te nowe invations groundaking w Technologia był godny.

 

Bardeen i Brattain starali się znaleźć opcję przeciwko thermionic czapki, używany w pozyskiwanie, strengusing i projekcji sygnałów radiowych i telefonicznych. To musiał być pewną ilość czasu na rozgrzanie tych lamp, które były szybkie, aby złamać i kosztowne. I byli confiting dużo energii elektrycznej.

 

Zespół dokonał pierwszego tranzystora z germanu cienkie warstwy. Dwa dni przed świętami Bożego Narodzenia w 1947, ten tranzystor został podłączony do obwodu radio i Brattain napisał następujące wiersze w zeszycie: "naprawdę działa ten tor. Ze względu na poziom hałasu podniesienie zauważalne było achioed. "Tranzystora, podobnie jak światła, wzmocniony sygnał dźwiękowy. Ale był znacznie mniejszy rozmiar i potrzeba mniej energii. Po pierwsze, prawie nikt nie wierzyli, że drobny pomysł może zastąpić te duże lampy. Ale Shockley i jego zespół przez wielkie strades w cztery lata. W 1952, została obniżona do jednej dziesiątej oryginalnych wymiarów tranzystora i był znacznie silniejszy w 1957 roku, z 30 milionów tranzystorów produkowanych przez rocznie. Rozwój w tej dziedzinie są nadal w toku.

 

Zamiast warstwą germanu Naukowcy zaczęli używać czystość kryształów, które może wytrzymać dużo większa intensywność ciepła. Tranzystory były producent, który może przesyłać prąd w jak najmniejszym jeden milionów sto sekund. Dzięki te przenośne Kalkulatory zegary cyfrowe zostały wykonane. Lampy w odbiorniki radiowe i telewizyjne również zastąpione tranzystory. Jeśli to nie jest dla tych trochę niesamowite urządzeń, nie byłoby możliwe łączności satelitarnej, statków kosmicznych i podboju Księżyca przez człowieka.

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