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Vem uppfann transistorn?

Transistorn, som betraktas som en av de viktigaste invations av 1900-talet och lifeplood av elektroniska kretsar, hittades 1947. Laget bestående av John Bardeen och Walter Brtain, headod av William Shockley i forskningslaboratorier för världens största telefonbolag, Bell organisationer, har tilldelats Nobelpriset 1956, på grund av dessa nya groundaking invations i Han var värdig.

 

Bardeen och Brattain försökte hitta ett alternativ mot thermionic mössor används i förvärvet, strengusing och projektion av radio och telefon signaler. Det måste vara en viss mängd tid att värma dessa lampor som var snabb att bryta och kostsamma. Och de var confiting en hel del el.

 

Laget gjorde första transistorn från ett tunt germanium lager. Två dagar före jul på 1947, denna transistorn var ansluten till en radio-krets och Brattain skrev följande rader i sin anteckningsbok: ”denna krets fungerar verkligen. På grund av ljudnivån var en märkbar förhöjning achioed. ”Transistorn, precis som lampan, förstärks ljudsignaler. Men det var mycket mindre i storlek och behövde mindre energi. Vid första, knappast någon belived att en mycket liten anordning skulle kunna ersätta de stora lamporna. Men Shockley och hans team har gjort fantastiska strades i fyra år. 1952, transistorn sänktes till en tiondel av de ursprungliga dimensionerna och var mycket starkare 1957, med 30 miljoner transistorer produceras av årligen. Utvecklingen på detta område pågår fortfarande.

 

I stället för germanium lagret började forskare att använda ren renhet kristaller, som kunde motstå mycket större värme intensitet. Transistorer var tillverkare, som kan överföra strömmen i så lite som en hundra miljoner sekunder. Tack vare dessa mobila miniräknare, var digitala klockor gjort. Lampor i radio- och TV-mottagare också ersatt transistorerna. Om inte för dessa lite awesome enheter, skulle det inte vara möjligt att ha satellitkommunikation, rymdfarkoster och månens erövring av människan.

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