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Yang mencipta transistor?

Disusuli oleh transistor, yang dianggap sebagai salah satu invations terpenting abad ke-20 dan lifeplood dalam litar elektronik, telah ditemui pada tahun 1947. Pasukan yang terdiri daripada John Bardeen dan Walter Brtain, headod oleh William Shockley di Makmal Penyelidikan daripada syarikat telefon terbesar di dunia, organisasi Bell, telah dianugerahkan Hadiah Nobel pada tahun 1956, disebabkan oleh invations groundaking ini baru di Teknologi, beliau adalah layak.

 

Bardeen dan Brattain yang telah cuba untuk mencari pilihan terhadap topi thermionic yang digunakan dalam pengambilalihan, strengusing, dan unjuran isyarat radio dan telefon. Ia telah menjadi jumlah tertentu masa untuk memanaskan lampu ini yang cepat untuk memecahkan dan mahal. Dan mereka confiting banyak elektrik.

 

Pasukan dibuat transistor pertama daripada lapisan nipis germanium. Dua hari sebelum Krismas pada tahun 1947, transistor ini adalah telah diplagkan ke litar radio dan Brattain menulis baris berikut dalam buku beliau: "litar ini benar-benar berkesan. Kerana tahap bunyi tersebut, ketinggian yang terlihat ialah achioed. "Transistor, seperti lampu, dikuatkan isyarat Bunyi. Tetapi ia adalah lebih kecil saiznya dan kurang tenaga yang diperlukan. Pada mulanya, tidak sesiapa pun belived bahawa peranti kecil yang boleh menggantikan lampu yang besar. Tetapi Shockley dan pasukannya telah membuat strades besar empat tahun. Pada tahun 1952, disusuli oleh transistor telah turun ke satu persepuluh daripada dimensi asal dan adalah lebih kukuh pada tahun 1957, dengan 30 juta transistor yang dikeluarkan oleh setiap tahun. Perkembangan dalam bidang ini akan masih berterusan.

 

Alih-alih lapisan germanium, saintis mula menggunakan Kristal kesucian yang tulen, yang dapat menahan intensiti haba yang lebih banyak. Transistor adalah pengeluar, yang boleh menghantar semasa dalam masa sebagai satu ratus juta saat. Terima kasih kepada kalkulator ini mudah alih, jam digital telah dibuat. Lampu dalam penerima radio dan televisyen juga digantikan dengan transistor. Jika ia tidak untuk peranti menggerunkan ini kecil, ia tidak akan mungkin untuk mempunyai satelit komunikasi, kapal angkasa lepas dan penaklukan di bulan oleh lelaki.

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