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Yang menciptakan transistor?

Transistor, yang dianggap sebagai salah satu invations paling penting dari abad ke-20 dan lifeplood sirkuit elektronik, ditemukan pada tahun 1947. Tim yang terdiri dari John Bardeen dan Walter Brtain, headod oleh William Shockley di laboratorium penelitian terbesar di dunia telepon perusahaan, organisasi Bell, telah dianugerahi Hadiah Nobel pada tahun 1956, karena ini baru groundaking invations dalam Teknologi dia adalah layak.

 

Bardeen dan Brattain berusaha untuk menemukan pilihan terhadap topi thermionic digunakan dalam akuisisi, strengusing, dan proyeksi sinyal radio, dan telepon. Itu harus jumlah tertentu dari waktu untuk menghangatkan ini lampu yang cepat untuk istirahat dan mahal. Dan mereka confiting listrik yang cukup banyak.

 

Tim dibuat transistor pertama dari lapisan tipis germanium. Dua hari sebelum Natal pada tahun 1947, transistor ini dipasang ke sirkuit radio dan Brattain menulis baris berikut pada catatan di bukunya: "sirkuit ini benar-benar bekerja. Karena tingkat suara, elevasi terlihat adalah achioed. "Transistor, seperti lampu, diperkuat sinyal suara. Tapi itu jauh lebih kecil dalam ukuran dan diperlukan energi lebih sedikit. Pada awalnya, hampir tidak ada belived bahwa perangkat kecil bisa mengganti lampu besar tersebut. Tetapi Shockley dan timnya telah strades besar dalam empat tahun. Pada tahun 1952, transistor diturunkan menjadi sepersepuluh dari dimensi asli dan jauh lebih kuat di tahun 1957, dengan 30 juta transistor diproduksi oleh setiap tahunnya. Perkembangan di daerah ini masih berlangsung.

 

Bukan lapisan germanium, para ilmuwan mulai menggunakan kristal murni kemurnian, yang bisa menahan intensitas panas jauh lebih besar. Transistor adalah produsen, yang dapat mengirimkan saat ini dalam sesedikit satu ratus juta detik. Berkat ini mobile kalkulator, jam digital dibuat. Lampu-lampu di radio dan televisi receiver juga diganti transistor. Jika tidak untuk perangkat mengagumkan ini kecil, itu tidak akan mungkin untuk memiliki komunikasi satelit, pesawat ruang angkasa dan bulan penaklukan oleh manusia.

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