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Ydin voima laitokset: miten se toimii? Mitkä ovat heidän ongelmansa?
Ydin energia täyttää noin 17 prosenttia nykypäivän sähkön tarpeesta. Jotkin maat tuottavat suuren osan energiansa ydin voima laitoksista. Esimerkiksi Ranskan kansainvälisen Atomi energia järjestön tietojen mukaan se tarjoaa 75 prosenttia ydin energiasta perä isin olevasta sähkö energiasta. Amerikassa 15 prosenttia sen energiasta on tervetullut tänne, mutta joissakin osissa voima laitokset tuottavat intensiivisemmin. On yli 400 ydin voimaloita maailmanlaajuisesti, ja yli 100 niistä sijaitsee vain Amerikassa.
Miten ydin voima laitokset toimivat?
Rakentaa ydin voimalan, rikastettu uraani on tarpeen. Tämäntyyppiset uraani ovat pääasiassa u-235, u-233, u-238 ja plutoniumia; P-239 ja p-241. Suuri määrä energiaa syntyy seura uksena jakamalla uraani osaksi fissio reaktio. Tämän divisioonan, neutronit osuma ydin uraanin elementti on korkea. Tämä törmäys aiheuttaa ytimen tulla epävakaa ja myöhemmin reagoida massiivinen energiaa altistavaa fissio. Ensimmäisestä fissio reaktiosta johtuen neutronit kulkeutua ympäristöön. Nämä neutronit moninkertaistuvat muiden uraani ytimien ja jatkaa kunnes fysiikan alku aine suoritetaan jokaisessa Atomi ydin. Jos syntyvä energia ei ole hallinnassa, se on tappava mitta suhteet. On yksiköitä, jotka pitävät liikaa neutroneja reaktoreissa valvoa sitä ja estää sitä reagoimaan. Tällä tavoin valvotaan fissio reaktio ketjua.
Kun tarkastelemme ydin voimalan sisäistä rakennetta, uraanin fysikaalisen reaktion käyttöönotosta syntyvä energia mahdollistaa vesi höyryn kuumentamisen erittäin korkeisiin lämpö tiloihin. Tämä korkean lämpö tilan höyry toimitetaan turbiinien kytketty generaattorin. Turbiinien terien kanssa kosketuksissa oleva korkeaenergiahöyry pyörittää turbiinien akselia tunnettuun tapaan ja varmistaa, että generaattori tuottaa sähkö energiaa. Sähkön tuotetaan generaattori lähetetään paikkaan, jossa sitä käytetään johtavia johtoja kutsutaan siirto linjat. Paine ja lämpö tila putosi turbiini menee lauhdutin uudelleenkäyttöä varten, ja kun se tulee vettä, se on lämmitetty ja haihtunut energiaa, joka tulee ulos jaosta ja sykli jatkuu.
Mitkä ovat ydin voimaloiden ongelmat?
Hyvin rakennetulla ydin voima laitoksella on merkittäviä etuja sähkön tuotannossa. Se on paljon puhtaampaa verrattuna voima laitoksiin, jotka käyttävät puuhiiltä ja jättää vähemmän radioaktiivisen jätteen ilma kehään. Tonnia hiiltä, rikkiä ja muita elementtejä kivi hiilen ilma kehään ovat paljon suurempi määrä saastuttavien vaikutusten kuin hyvin toimiva ydin voimalan. Tässä mielessä ydin energiaa voidaan pitää erittäin puhtaana, kun se on hyvin tehty energian tuotannossa. On myös joitakin ongelmia.
Suurimmat esteet ja ongelmat, joita on korostettava ydin voiman tuotannossa, ovat:
Uraanin ja myöhemmän rikastumisen poistamisen yhteydessä puhdistus työt aiheuttavat valtavia määriä radioaktiivisia epäpuhtauksia.
Ydin voimaloita, jotka eivät toimi kunnolla voi aiheuttaa suuria ongelmia. Esimerkiksi Tšernobylin katastrofi voitaisiin antaa ja tonnia radioaktiivisia jätteitä jäi ilma kehään tämän katastrofin.
Fissio reaktiot voima laitoksen vaativat erittäin hyvän kontrolli ja vikasietoisuuden on minimaalinen. Ei ydin voimala voidaan sanoa olevan täysin turvallinen ja on valmistanut asiantuntija ryhmien ja pitämällä turvallisuuden kerroin korkea. Tämä lisää sellaisten maiden vakavien ongelmien vaaraa, jotka haluavat ryhtyä uusiin toimiin ydin voima laitosten, kuten meidän, rakentamiseksi.
Syntyvä radioaktiivinen jäte on kuljetettava tavalla, joka ei vahingoita luontoa, ja se on säilytettävä turvallisesti monen vuoden ajan valvonnan alaisena.
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