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Kerncentrales: Hoe werkt het? Wat zijn hun problemen?
Kernenergie beantwoordt aan ongeveer 17% van de elektriciteit van de hedendaagse behoeften. Sommige landen produceren een groot deel van hun energie uit kerncentrales. Bijvoorbeeld, volgens de gegevens van de Franse International Atomic Energy Agency biedt het 75% van de elektriciteit uit kernenergie. In Amerika, 15% van haar energie hier wordt toegejuicht, maar in sommige delen zijn de energiecentralesintensiever produceren. Wereldwijd zijn er meer dan 400 kerncentrales, en meer dan100 van hen bevinden zich alleen in Amerika.
Hoe werkt een nucleaire centrales?
Om te bouwen van een kerncentrale, is verrijkt uranium nodig. Deze soorten uranium zijn voornamelijk U-235, U-233, U-238 en plutonium; P-239 en P-241. Een zeer hoge hoeveelheid energie ontstaat als gevolg van het uranium te verdelen in een reactie van kernsplijting. Voor deze divisie raken de neutronen de kern van het uranium-element in een hoog tempo. Deze botsing zorgt ervoor dat de kern instabiel en vervolgens reageren op een enorme energie-bloot splijting. Als gevolg van de eerste reactie van de kernsplijting, worden neutronen uitgestoten in het milieu. Deze neutronen vermenigvuldigen in andere kernen van uranium en totdat de fysica van de elemental wordt uitgevoerd in elke atoomkern. Als de resulterende energie is niet gecontroleerd, is het in dodelijke verhoudingen. Er zijn eenheden die teveel neutronen inde reactoren bevatten te beheersen en te voorkomen dat het reageren. Op deze manier vindt u een keten van gecontroleerde kernsplijting reactie.
Als we kijken naar de interne structuur van de kerncentrale, kan de energie die wordt opgewekt door de invoering van de fysieke reactie van uranium de waterdamp teworden verwarmd tot zeer hoge temperaturen. Deze hoge-temperatuur-stoom wordt geleverd aan de turbines aangesloten op de generator. Hoog-energetische dampcontact turbineschoepen de turbine-as draait op een bekende manier en zorgt ervoor dat de generator elektrische energie produceert. De elektriciteit die wordt opgewekt in de generator wordt verzonden naar de plaats waar het wordt gebruikt met geleidende draden transmissielijnen genoemd. De druk en temperatuur gedaald van de turbine gaat naar de condensator voor hergebruik, en nadat het water wordt, hetwordt verwarmd en verdampt met de energie die uit de divisie komt en de cyclus blijft.
Wat zijn de problemen van kerncentrales?
Een goedgebouwde kerncentrale heeft belangrijke voordelen in de productie van elektriciteit. Het is veel schoner ten opzichte van de centrales die gebruikmaken van de houtskool en laat minder radioactief afval aan de sfeer. Ton koolstof, zwavel en andere elementen uit de stenen kolen aan de sfeer vormen een veel grotere hoeveelheid vervuilende invloed dan een goed functionerende kerncentrale. In dit verband kan kernenergie worden beschouwd uiterst schoon wanneer het goed gedaan in de energieproductie. Er zijn ook enkele problemen.
De grote obstakels en problemen die moeten worden onderstreept in de opwekking van kernenergie omvatten:
In het proces van het verwijderen van uranium en later verrijking, veroorzaakt de raffinage werk enorme hoeveelheden radioactieve besmetting.
Nucleaire centrales die niet goed werken, kunnen belangrijke problemen veroorzaken. Als voorbeeld, de Tsjernobyl-ramp kan worden gegeven en tonnen radioactief afval bleven in de sfeer in deze ramp.
De kernsplijting reacties op de krachtcentrale vereist zeer goede controle en de fouttolerantie is minimaal. Geen kerncentrale kan worden gezegd dat het volledig veiligzijn en moet worden vervaardigd door teams van deskundigen en het maximumdraagvermogen hoog te houden. Dit verhoogt het risico van ernstige problemen voor landen die tot nieuwe stappen ondernemen om te bouwen van kerncentrales zoalswij willen.
De resulterende radioactief afval moet worden vervoerd in een manier die niet schadelijk is voor aard en veilig voor vele jaren onder toezicht moet worden opgeslagen.
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