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Pembangkit listrik tenaga nuklir: Bagaimana cara kerjanya? Apakah masalah-masalah mereka?
Energi nuklir memenuhi sekitar 17% dari listrik hari ini kebutuhan. Beberapa negaramenghasilkan sebagian besar energi mereka dari pembangkit listrik tenaga nuklir. Sebagai contoh, menurut data badan Energi Atom Internasional Perancis, menyediakan 75% energi listrik dari energi nuklir. Di Amerika, 15% dari energi adalah menyambut baik di sini, tetapi di beberapa bagian pembangkit listrik memproduksi lebih intensif. Ada lebih dari 400 PLTN di seluruh dunia, dan lebih dari 100 dari mereka berada hanya di Amerika.
Bagaimana cara kerja pembangkit listrik tenaga nuklir?
Untuk membangun pembangkit listrik tenaga nuklir, uranium yang diperkaya yangdiperlukan. Jenis uranium yang terutama U-235, U-233, U-238 dan plutonium; P-239 dan P-241. Jumlah energi yang sangat tinggi muncul sebagai hasil dari membagiuranium menjadi reaksi fisi. Divisi ini, neutron memukul inti unsur uranium pada tingkat tinggi. Tabrakan ini menyebabkan inti untuk menjadi tidak stabil dan kemudianbereaksi terhadap energi-mengekspos fisi besar. Sebagai hasil dari reaksi fisi pertama, neutron yang dipancarkan ke dalam lingkungan. Neutron tersebut mengalikan keinti uranium lainnya dan terus sampai fisika dari unsur dilakukan di setiap inti atom.Jika energi yang dihasilkan tidak terkendali, itu adalah dalam proporsi yang mematikan. Ada unit yang menahan kelebihan neutron dalam reaktor untuk mengontrol dan mencegah dari bereaksi. Dengan cara ini, rantai reaksi fisi dikontrol disediakan.
Ketika kita melihat struktur internal dari pembangkit listrik tenaga nuklir, energi yang dihasilkan oleh pengenalan reaksi fisik uranium memungkinkan uap air akan dipanaskan suhu yang sangat tinggi. Uap bersuhu tinggi ini disediakan untuk turbin yang terhubung ke listrik. Berenergi tinggi uap dengan bilah turbin berputar poros turbin di jalan yang terkenal dan memastikan bahwa generator menghasilkan energi listrik. Listrik yang dihasilkan di generator dikirim ke tempat di mana ia digunakan dengan kabel konduktif yang disebut jalur transmisi. Tekanan dan suhu turun dari turbin akan pergi ke kondensor untuk digunakan kembali, dan setelah itu menjadi air, dipanaskan dan menguap dengan energi yang berasal dari Divisi dan siklus terus.
Apakah masalah pembangkit listrik tenaga nuklir?
Pembangkit listrik tenaga nuklir yang dibangun dengan baik memiliki keuntungan yang signifikan dalam produksi listrik. Itu jauh lebih bersih dibandingkan dengan pembangkit listrik yang menggunakan arang dan daun limbah kurang radioaktif ke atmosfer. Ton karbon, belerang dan unsur-unsur lain dari batubara batu suasana yangmerupakan jumlah yang jauh lebih besar dampak polutan dari pembangkit listrik tenaga nuklir yang berfungsi dengan baik. Dalam hal ini, energi nuklir dapat dianggapsangat bersih ketika itu dilakukan dengan baik dalam produksi energi. Ada juga beberapa masalah.
Kendala utama dan masalah yang perlu digarisbawahi dalam daya nuklir meliputi:
Dalam proses menghapus uranium dan kemudian pengayaan, menyempurnakan pekerjaan menyebabkan jumlah yang sangat besar dari kontaminasi radioaktif.
Pembangkit listrik tenaga nuklir yang tidak bekerja dengan benar dapat menyebabkan masalah besar. Sebagai contoh, bencana Chernobyl dapat diberikan dan ton limbah radioaktif yang tersisa di atmosfer dalam bencana ini.
Reaksi fisi pada pembangkit listrik memerlukan kontrol sangat baik dan toleransi kesalahan minimal. Pembangkit listrik tenaga nuklir tidak dapat dikatakan sebagai benar-benar aman dan harus diproduksi oleh tim ahli dan menjaga koefisien keamanantinggi. Hal ini meningkatkan risiko masalah serius bagi negara-negara yang ingin mengambil langkah-langkah baru untuk membangun pembangkit listrik tenaga nuklirseperti kita.
Limbah radioaktif yang dihasilkan harus diangkut dengan cara yang tidak membahayakan alam dan harus disimpan dengan aman selama bertahun-tahun di bawah pengawasan.
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