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Kärnkraftverk: Hur fungerar det? Vilka är deras problem?
Kärnenergi uppfyller cirka 17% av dagens El behöver. Vissa länder producerar en stor del av sin energi från kärnkraftverk. Enligt uppgifter från franska internationella atomenergiorganet innehåller det exempelvis 75% av den elektriska energin från kärnkraft. I Amerika, 15% av dess energi är välkommet här, men i vissa delar av kraftverk producerar mer intensivt. Det finns mer än 400 kärnkraftverk i världen, och mer än 100 av dem finns bara i Amerika.
Hur fungerar kärnkraftverk?
För att bygga ett kärnkraftverk, behövs anrikat uran. Dessa typer av uran är främst U-235, U-233, U-238 och plutonium; P-239 och P-241. En mycket stor mängd energiuppstår till följd av att dela uran i en fission reaktion. Neutronsna hit för denna division, kärnan i elementet uran i hög hastighet. Denna kollision orsakar kärnan till blir instabil och därefter reagera på en massiv energi-utsätta fission. Till följd av den första fission reaktionen, neutroner som släpps ut i miljön. Dessa neutroner multipliceratill andra uran kärnor och Fortsätt tills elementärt fysik utförs i varje atom-nucleus.Om den resulterande energin inte styrs, är det i dödliga proportioner. I området i närheten finns det enheter som håller överskjutande neutroner i reaktorer att kontrollera det och hindra det från att reagera. På detta sätt ges en kontrollerad fission reaktion kedja.
När vi tittar på den interna strukturen av kärnkraftverket, tillåter den energi som genereras av införandet av den fysiska reaktionen av uran vattenånga att upphettas tillmycket höga temperaturer. Denna hög temperatur ånga levereras till turbinerna ansluten till ström generatorn. High-Energy vapor i kontakt med turbinbladen roterar turbinaxeln på kända sätt och säkerställer att generatorn producerar elektrisk energi.Den el som produceras i generatorn skickas till den plats där det används med konduktiv ledningar kallas kraftledningar. Tryck och temperatur sjunkit från turbinen kommer att gå till kondensorn för återanvändning, och efter det blir vatten, det upphettas och förångas med den energi som kommer ur avdelningen och cykeln fortsätter.
Vilka är problemen med kärnkraftverken?
En välbyggd kärnkraftverk har betydande fördelar i produktionen av elektricitet. Detär mycket renare jämfört med de kraftverk som använder träkol och lämnar mindreradioaktivt avfall till atmosfären. Massor av kol, svavel och andra element från sten kol till atmosfären utgör en mycket större mängd förorenande påverkan än ett väl fungerande kärnkraftverk. I detta avseende kan kärnenergi anses vara extremt rena när det är bra gjort i energiproduktionen. Det finns också vissa problem.
De stora hinder och problem som behöver betonas i kärnkraftsproduktionen inkluderar:
Håller på att ta bort uran och senare berikning, orsakar raffinering arbete enorma mängder radioaktivitet.
Kärnkraftverk som inte fungerar korrekt kan orsaka stora problem. Som ett exempel,Tjernobylkatastrofen kunde ges och massor av radioaktivt avfall lämnades i atmosfären i denna katastrof.
Fission reaktionerna på kraftverket kräver mycket bra kontroll och feltoleransen ärminimal. Inget kärnkraftverk kan sägas vara helt säker och måste tillverkas av expertgrupper och genom att hålla hög säkerhet koefficienten. Detta ökar risken för allvarliga problem för länder som vill ta nya steg för att bygga kärnkraftverk som oss.
Det resulterande radioaktivt avfallet måste transporteras på ett sätt som inte skadarnaturen och bör förvaras säkert i många år under övervakning.
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