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Nuklearne elektrane: kako se to radi? Koji su svoje probleme?
Nuklearna energija zadovoljava oko 17% električne energije danas je potreba. Nekezemlje proizvode velik dio svoje energije iz nuklearnih elektrana. Na primjer, premafrancuskom međunarodne agencije za atomsku energiju, pruža 75% električne energije iz nuklearne energije. U Americi, 15% svoje energije je ovdje dobrodošla, ali u nekim dijelovima moć biljke intenzivnije proizvode. Postoji više od 400 nuklearnih elektrana diljem svijeta, a više od 100 njih nalaze se samo u Americi.
Kako funkcioniraju nuklearne elektrane?
Za izgradnju nuklearne elektrane, potrebno je obogaćeni uranij. Ove vrste urana suuglavnom U-235, U-233, U-238 i plutonij; P-239 i P-241. Vrlo veliku količinu energijenastaje kao rezultat podjele Uran na nuklearne reakcije. Za ovu podjelu, neutrone udario jezgra urana elementa na visoku stopu. Taj sudar uzrokuje jezgra postati nestabilna i reagira na ogromne energije izlažu fisija. Kao rezultat prva reakcija fisija neutrona se emitiraju u okoliš. Ti neutroni se povećao na druge jezgre urana i dalje dok ne fizike elementa izvodi se u svaka atomska jezgra. Ako dobivene energije ne kontrolira, to je u smrtonosni proporcije. Postoje jedinice koje imaju višak neutrona u reaktorima kontrolirati i spriječiti reagira. Na taj način kontrolirane nuklearne reakcije lanca je predviđeno.
Kada pogledamo unutarnje strukture nuklearne elektrane, energije generira uvođenje fizičke reakcije urana omogućuje vodena para se zagrijava na jako visoke temperature. Visoke temperature pare je isporučen turbine spojeni na generator snage. Visoke energije pare u kontaktu s lopatica rotira turbina osovine na poznat način i osigurava da generator proizvodi električnu energiju. Električne energije u generatoru jeposlan na mjesto gdje se koristi s vodljive žice zove dalekovoda. Tlak i temperaturapala iz turbine ću u kondenzator za ponovnu upotrebu, a i kada postane vode, zagrijava i ispari s energijom koja izlazi iz podjele i ciklus se nastavlja.
Koji su problemi nuklearne elektrane?
Dobro izgrađena nuklearna elektrana ima značajne prednosti u proizvodnji električne energije. To je puno čišći u odnosu na elektrane koje koriste ugljen i ostavlja manje radioaktivnog otpada u atmosferu. Tona ugljika, sumpora i drugih elemenata iz kamenog ugljena u atmosferu predstavljaju puno veći iznos od štetnih utjecaja nego dobro funkcioniraju nuklearne elektrane. U tom smislu, nuklearne energije može se smatrati iznimno čist kada ga je dobro napravljena u proizvodnji energije. Postoje i neki problemi.
Glavne prepreke i problemi koje treba biti u podcrtano nuklearne energije uključuju:
U procesu uklanjanja urana i kasnije obogaćivanje, preradi rad uzrokuje ogromne količine radioaktivne kontaminacije.
Nuklearne elektrane koje ne rade ispravno može dovesti do velikih problema. Na primjer, černobilske katastrofe mogu se dati i tona radioaktivnog otpada su ostali u atmosferi u ovu katastrofu.
Nuklearne reakcije na elektrane zahtijevaju vrlo dobru kontrolu i tolerancija kvarovaje minimalan. Nema nuklearne elektrane može se reći da je potpuno siguran i morabiti proizvedeni od strane stručnih timova i zadržati visok koeficijent sigurnosti. Ovopovećava rizik od ozbiljne probleme za zemlje koje žele poduzeti nove korake za izgradnju nuklearne elektrane kao i mi.
Dobiveni radioaktivni otpad mora prevoziti na način koji ne šteti prirodi i bi trebao biti pohranjeni sigurno pod nadzor.
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