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Atomkraftverk: Hvordan virker det? Hva er deres problemer?
Kjernekraft møter rundt 17% av dagens elektrisitet behov. Noen land produserer enstor andel av sin energi fra kjernekraftverk. Ifølge fransk internasjonale atomenergibyrået data gir det for eksempel 75% av elektrisk energi fra atomenergi. 15% av sin energi er velkommen her i Amerika, men i enkelte deler kraftverkene produsere mer intensivt. Det er mer enn 400 kjernefysiske anlegg over hele verden mer enn 100 avdem finnes bare i Amerika.
Hvordan fungerer atomkraftverk?
For å bygge et kjernekraftverk, er anriket uran nødvendig. Disse uran er hovedsakelig U-235, U-233, U-238 og plutonium; P-239 og P-241. En svært høy mengde energioppstår pga dele uranet i en fisjon reaksjon. For denne divisjonen traff nøytroner kjernen av uran elementet ved høy. Denne kollisjonen forårsaker kjernen ustabil og deretter reagere på en massiv energi-utsette fisjon. Som følge av den første fisjon reaksjonen, nøytroner slippes ut i miljøet. Disse nøytroner multiplisere i andre uran kjerner og Fortsett til fysikken i elemental utføres i hver atomic kjernen. Hvis den resulterende energien ikke kontrolleres, er det i dødelig proporsjoner. Det er enheter som holder overflødig nøytroner i reaktorene kontrollen og hindre den fra å reagere. På denne måten tilbys en kontrollert fisjon reaksjon kjede.
Når vi ser på den indre strukturen av kjernekraftverk, kan energi generert av innføringen av fysiske reaksjonen uran vanndamp å varmes opp til svært høyetemperaturer. Denne høy temperatur steam leveres til turbinene koblet til strømgenerator. Kraftkrevende damp kontakt med bladene roterer turbin akselen på en kjentmåte og sikrer at generatoren produserer elektrisk energi. Elektrisiteten genereres igeneratoren sendes til stedet der den brukes med ledende ledninger kalles overføringslinjer. Trykk og temperatur fra turbinen vil gå til kondensatoren for gjenbruk, ognår det blir vannet, den er oppvarmet og fordampet med energi som kommer ut avdivisjonen og syklusen fortsetter.
Hva er problemene med atomkraftverk?
En godt bygget kjernekraftverk har betydelige fordeler i produksjonen avelektrisitet. Det er mye renere sammenlignet kraftverkene som bruker trekull forlater mindre radioaktivt avfall til atmosfæren. Tonn karbon, svovel og andre elementer fra stein kull til atmosfæren utgjør en mye større mengde av forurensende påvirkning enn et velfungerende kjernekraftverk. I denne forbindelse, kan atomenergi betraktes som svært ren når det er godt gjort til energiproduksjon. Det er også noen problemer.
De store hindringer og problemer som må være understreket med kjernefysisk kraftproduksjon inkluderer:
I ferd med å fjerne uran og senere berikelse, fører raffinering arbeidet til enorme mengder radioaktiv forurensning.
Kjernekraftverk som ikke fungerer riktig kan forårsake store problemer. Som et eksempel, kunne Chernobyl katastrofen gis og tonnevis av radioaktivt avfall ble etterlatti atmosfæren i denne katastrofen.
Fisjon reaksjonene på kraftverket krever veldig god kontroll og feiltoleransen er minimal. Ingen kjernekraftverk kan sies å være helt sikker og må produseres ved ekspertteam og holde sikkerhet koeffisient høy. Dette øker risikoen for alvorlig problemer for land som ønsker å ta nye skritt for å bygge kjernefysiske kraftstasjoner som oss.
Det resulterende radioaktivt avfallet må transporteres på en måte som skader ikke natur og bør lagres trygt i mange år under overvåking.
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